Matter

• Matter

  • anything that has mass and occupies space
  • natural occuring things - living and non-living
• Mass

  • amount of matter present in a sample
• Three physical states of matter

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Physical Change

  • process in which a substance changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition
• Changes of state

  • Melting
  • Freezing
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
• Chemical Change

  • process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition
• Rigidity and Compressibility of molecules

  • shape and volume of solid, liquid, and gas are owed to its___
• Solid

  • Incompressible
• Liquid

  • Close together but are moving freely
• Gas

  • Compressible and expandable
  • Close together but are moving freely
• Property

  • distinguishing characteristic of a substance that is used in its identification and description
• Properties of matter

  • Physical
  • Chemical
• Physical Property

  • observed without the changing the basic identity of a substance
• Physical Properties

  • color
  • physical state
  • melting point
  • boiling point
  • hardness
• Intensive Property

  • independent of the amount of the matter
• Extensive Property

  • depends on the amount of matter
• Chemical Property

  • is a characteristic of a substance that describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance
• Pure Substance

  • single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means
• Elements

  • substances that cant be separated by either physical or chemical means
• Compounds

  • substances that are made up of one or more elements that can be separated through chemical means
• Mixture

  • physical combination of 2 or more pure substances that each substance retains its own chemical identity.
• Mixtures

  • Heterogenous
  • Homogenous
• Heterogenous

  • mixture that contains visibly different phases each of which has different properties
• Homogenous

  • mixture that contains only one visibly distinct phase, which has uniform properties throughout
• Phase Transition

  • happens when a substance changes from a solid, liquid, gas to a different state
• Every element and substance can transition from one phase to another at a specific combination of temperature and pressure
• When pressure increases or temperature decreases, its easier for atoms and molecules to settle into more rigid structure
• When pressure is released it is easier for the particles to move away from each other
• • Solid to Liquid : Melting
  • Solid to Gas: Sublimation
  • Liquid to Solid: Freezing
  • Liquid to Gas: Boiling/Evaporation
  • Gas to Solid: Deposition
  • Gas to Liquid: Condensation
• Plasma

  • known to be the fourth state of matter