atmosphere

• how was earth formed

  from dust and rock that was swirling around the sun soon after its formation
• why isnt earth a gas giant

  it was so close to the sun that it didnt gather any gases
• as time went by the lightest rocks formed the crust, rocky material formed the mantle, denser material sank making the iron core.
• NO molecular oxygen in the first atmosphere why?

  too reactive to exist alone
• outer planets are cooler so there is more gas this results in gas giants
• as the planet cooled water vapour condensed and turned into clouds
• Toxic

  Harmful or poisonous
• Main gases in the first atmosphere

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Ammonia
  • Hydrogen cyanide
  • Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen sulfide
• There was no molecular oxygen as it is too reactive to exist alone
• The first atmosphere was smelly
• The seas became salty

  Because the water dissolved all the soluble material in the rocks
• Large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

  Dissolved into the water and some of it reacted to form carbonate rocks
• Within a billion years simple life has developed, including bacterial and simple single celled plants and animals
• A planet the size of Mars bumped into an early Earth, and the Earth and moon were formed
• Development of the current atmosphere

  1. Plants evolve photosynthesis

  2. Carbon dioxide and water become glucose and oxygen

  3. Carbon dioxide almost disappears from atmosphere

  4. Oxygen built up and is maintained by photosynthesis

  5. Nitrogen and argon remained from the early atmosphere
• Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) releases carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that holds heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and an increase in temperature
• Plants photosynthesize more than they respire during the day
• Natural Gas


  heating and cooking
• Crude Oil will run out eventually
• Metal ores-Iron, coper, nickel, ithium, etc.

  • Buildings, vehicles, batteries
• what does Renewable mean

  A resource that can be replaced in the short term
• what does Non renewable

  A resource that cannot be replaced over the short term
• Hydrocarbon + plenty of oxygen -> Water + Carbon dioxide
• what is Corrosion

  • This is a GENERAL term
  • It refers to the breakdown of an object due to a chemical reaction between it and substances in the environment
• Rusting


  • This is a SPECIFIC term
  • It refers to the corrosion of IRON by water and atmospheric oxygen
• Marble statues are corroded by acid rain
• some examples of non renewable resources are…


  oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear energy
• some examples of renewable resources are…

  water

  methane gas

  alcohol

  natural oils

  thermal energy
• examples Greenhouse gases

  • H₂O
  • CO₂
  • CH4
• Greenhouse gases are the ones with the most effect
• Greenhouse effect


  1. Radiation from the sun passes through the atmosphere

  2. It is absorbed into Earth's surface

  3. It is redirected at longer wavelength (infra-red)

  4. Greenhouse gases absorb the infra-red heat

  5. Greenhouse gases reradiate the heat in all directions, keeping much of the heat in the atmosphere
• anyhydrous calcium chloride stops air from getting in
• what does anyhydrous mean


  without water
• the water cycle

  • suns energy causes water on earth to evaporate from lakes rivers puddle ect
  • water vapour condenses into clouds that can move from one region to another
  • the water vapour drops from clouds in the form of liquid water (precipitation) and flows into rivers oceans soil ect
• where does CO2 come from (some)?

  • plants (burned, photosynthesis and eaten by animals)
  • fossil fuels (burned)
  • animals (decay go into soil and into fossil fuels)