Milgram

• What was the main focus of Milgram's 1963 study?

  Obedience to authority
• What were the aims of Milgram's study?

  • Test if situational factors led to high levels of obedience
  • Investigate the "Germans are Different" hypothesis
• What type of sample did Milgram use for his study?

  Self-selected sample
• How many male participants were selected for Milgram's study?

  40 male participants
• What was the age range of participants in Milgram's study?

  20 to 50 years
• What types of jobs did participants in Milgram's study have?

  Ranged from unskilled to professionals
• What was a limitation of Milgram's sample regarding gender?

  Only male participants were used
• What was a limitation of Milgram's study regarding location?

  Findings cannot be generalized to other cultures
• What was the main method used in Milgram's study?

  Controlled non-participant observation
• Where was Milgram's study conducted?

  Yale University in a psychology laboratory
• What was the purpose of the shock generator in Milgram's study?

  To measure the level of obedience by administering shocks
• What was the maximum voltage on the shock generator?

  450 volts
• What was the main focus of Milgram's 1963 study?

  Obedience to authority
• What did Mr. Wallace represent in Milgram's study?

  A confederate posing as a participant
• What were the aims of Milgram's study?

  • Test if situational factors led to high levels of obedience
  • Investigate the "Germans are Different" hypothesis
• What was the ethical issue regarding deception in Milgram's study?

  Participants were deceived about the true nature of the study
• What type of sample did Milgram use for his study?

  Self-selected sample
• How many male participants were selected for Milgram's study?

  40 male participants
• What was the outcome for participants who reached 300 volts?

  Mr. Wallace banged on the wall and stopped answering
• What percentage of participants went to 450 volts in Milgram's study?

  65%
• What was the age range of participants in Milgram's study?

  20 to 50 years
• What types of jobs did participants in Milgram's study have?

  Ranged from unskilled to professionals
• What did 84% of participants report in the follow-up questionnaire?

  They were glad they had taken part
• What was a limitation of Milgram's sample regarding gender?

  Only included males, leading to beta bias
• What signs of distress did participants show during the study?

  Sweating, stuttering, and biting their lips
• What ethical issue arose from the verbal prods used in Milgram's study?

  They prevented participants from having a right to withdraw
• What was a limitation of Milgram's study regarding location?

  Findings cannot be generalized to other cultures
• What was the method of data collection in Milgram's study?

  Controlled non-participant observation
• What was Milgram's defense regarding the deception used in his study?

  It was vital for the validity of the study
• Where was Milgram's study conducted?

  Yale University in a psychology laboratory
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Milgram's study regarding validity?

  Strengths:

  • High internal validity due to participant distress
  • Standardized procedures increased reliability

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Lacks ecological validity due to artificial setting
  • Demand characteristics may have influenced results
• What was the purpose of the shock generator in Milgram's study?

  To measure the level of obedience by administering shocks
• What are the ethical issues identified in Milgram's study?

  • Deception about the study's true nature
  • Risk of stress, anxiety, and humiliation
  • Right to withdraw was compromised
  • Valid consent was not obtained
• What was the maximum voltage participants could administer in Milgram's study?

  450 volts
• What were the findings of Milgram's study regarding obedience?

  • Ordinary people are highly obedient to destructive orders
  • Situational factors can lead to extreme obedience
• What did Mr. Wallace do at 300 volts during the experiment?

  Banged on the wall and stopped answering
• How did Milgram's study contribute to our understanding of obedience?

  It demonstrated that situational factors can lead to extreme obedience
• What ethical issue arose from the verbal prods used in Milgram's study?

  They prevented participants from having the right to withdraw
• What was the significance of the follow-up questionnaire in Milgram's study?

  It assessed participants' feelings about their involvement
• What was the outcome of the debriefing process in Milgram's study?

  Participants met Mr. Wallace unharmed