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paper one
cells and control
nervous system
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Nerve cell
Also called a
neuron
Nerve cell
Long
Thin
Lots of
branch
connections to either end
Adapted to carry
electrical impulses
from one point to another
Synapse
Connection
between
nerve
cells where
electrical
impulses are converted to
chemical
signals
to pass between
cells
Nerve cell communication
1.
Electrical
impulse hits
end
of nerve
2. Causes
release
of
chemicals
3. Chemicals
diffuse
across gap to next nerve cell
4. Triggers another
electrical
impulse
5. Electrical impulse continues along new
neuron
Central
nervous system
Made up of brain and
spinal
cord
Where
'thinking'
takes place
Takes in
sensory
information
Decides what needs to be done
Sends out
orders
to the rest of the body
Sensory neurons
Carry information from
receptors
all over the body to the
central
nervous
system
Motor neurons
Carry impulses from the
central
nervous
system
to
effectors
(muscles or glands)
Reflex arc
Nerve pathway that causes reflexes
Rapid and automatic response to stimuli
Reflex arc example
1. Pressure of sharp object detected by
receptor
cells
in skin
2. Sensory neuron carries impulse to
spinal
cord
3.
Relay
neuron
transfers impulse to
motor
neuron
4.
Motor
neuron
carries impulse to
effector
(bicep) to move hand away
What passes along nerve cells?
Electrical impulses
What is the gap between two neurones
called
?
Synapse
What is released across a synapse?
Chemicals
Which of these is part of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Spinal cord
,
Brain
What is the role of a receptor?
To
detect
and respond to
specific stimuli.
What is the role of a sensory neuron?
To transfer a signal from a
receptor
to the
CNS
(Central Nervous System)
What is the role of a
motor neurone
?
To transmit signals from the
central nervous system
to an
effector
(muscles or glands)
What is the role of a
relay neurone
?
To transmit
electrical
signals from
sensory
to
motor
neurons.
What is a
reflex
?
An
automatic response
to
a stimulus
What are the two main
types of effectors
?
Muscles
(
To contract
)
Glands
(
Release hormones
)
Reflexes are...
Fast
Automatic
Why are
reflexes
important?
They
protect
us from
harm.
Receptor
Sensory
Neuron
Relay
Neuron
Effector
What chemical is released into the
Synapse
?
Neurotransmitter
Some nerves are
myelinated
What is the advantage of a
myelinated cell
?
It allows the
nerve transmission
to
travel faster.
The neurones (nerve
cells
)
Neurones
(nerve cells) carry
electrical impulses
(signals) between receptors, the central nervous system (CNS) and effectors.
Examples of reflexes are:
Blinking
, Sneezing,
Dropping hot objects.
Stimulus
A stimulus can be any
change
in the
environment
to which the body needs to respond.
The stimulus is detected by a
receptor.
There
are three types of neurone (nerve cells):
The
sensory
neurone
The
relay
neurone (in the CNS)
The
motor
neurone
The
sensory neurone
as
Carries the signal as an
electrical impulse
to the
central nervous system
(CNS).
The
relay
neurone
Relays the electrical impulse from the
sensory
neurone to the appropriate
motor
neurone.
The motor neurone
Carries the
electrical impulse
from the CNS to an
effector.