ISAD21

• Security - is protection from, or resilience against, potential harm caused by others, by restraining the freedom of others to act.
• Asset - these are any subject that should be protected or anything that has economic value. Examples are money, school properties, human etc.
• Threat– acts or method that will trigger the risk.
• Threat - These can be absence of contact limitations with employees to the place where confidential documents are placed; Unorganized buffering of store items and the likes.
• Hazard - is any object, situation or behavior that has the potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.
• Types of Hazards

  1. safety hazard
  2. biological hazard
  3. physical hazard
  4. chemical hazard
  5. workload hazard
  6. ergonomic hazard
• Vulnerability- weaknesses of the target that can be potentially triggered by the threat. This can be the measure on how open is an establishment for intrusion or attack; the inadequate number of security personnel in a firm etc.

   
• Risk - probability or the chance of an event to happen that will lead to losses. This can be measured from the vulnerabilities of asset. The more vulnerabilities, the more the asset is in risky condition.
• Principal divisions of security:

  1. personnel security
  2. information security
  3. physical security
• Physical security - Security that is concerned to physical measures in order to prevent unauthorized entry or unauthorized access to facilities and equipment.
• Physical security - Defined as a system barrier placed between the potential intruder and the matter to be protected. It is also said to be the foundation of security.
• physical security - Its measures consist of barriers and devices that would detect, delay and prevent unauthorized access/entry to equipment, facilities, material and document. This security measure protects that asset from theft, damage, sabotage or espionage
• ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

  1. To delay the attackers
  2. To notice the attackers
  3. To respond and catch the attackers when detected
• To notice the attackers - By alarms, security lighting, Closed circuit television cameras, security guard patrols
• To delay the attackers - This element is being achieved and maintained by obstacles
• Minimum Security - This system is designed to impede unauthorized external activity, which may be in the form of simple intrusion or a serious armed attack. The protective objects, therefore, are simple physical barriers such as doors and windows with ordinary locks.
• Low -Level Security - This system is designed to impede and detect some unauthorized activity that threatens safety. This consists of physical barriers and basic alarm system that will announce the threat. However, small business offices. stores or warehouses could be protected with low-level security system.
• Medium Security - This system is designed to impede, detect and assess most unauthorized external and internal activities.
• High-Level Security - This system is designed to impede, detect and assess unauthorized external and internal activities.
• Maximum Security System - This system is designed to impede, detect, assess and neutralize all unauthorized external and internal activities.
• Maximum security system - is security-in-depth, a system designed with sufficient diversity and redundancy to allow the strength of one particular component to offset the weakness of another.
• PARTS OF PHYSICAL SECURITY SYSTEM:

  1.    Physical Barriers

  2.    Protective Alarm system

  3.    Guard force

  4.    Security Lightings

  5.    Pass and Badge Systems

  6.    Key Control

  7.    Security Cabinet

   

   
• Security

  • Protection
  • Safety
  • Being secured or be protected
  • Freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss, destruction or damages

   
• physical barrier - is the protection of people, property, and physical assets from actions and events that could cause damage or loss.
• physical barrier - These are the structures or physical devices that can restrict, hinder or delay unauthorized access to an installation that is being protected.
• Energy barriers - these are the mechanical and electronic devices that may warn the security personnel for the potential intruders that may enter the installation. These can be protective lightings or alarm system.
• Animal barrier - animals are being used to provide guarding system.
• Human barriers - they are the persons being used in guarding system. E.g., guards, office personnel, shop workers
• Natural barriers - came from the term ―nature‖, these are the barriers that exist without the aid of a human. These are the waters, mountains, cliffs, rivers, seas, dessert or other terrain difficult to transvers.
• Man-made or Structural barriers - features constructed by human such as walls, doors, locks, fences, safe, containers, roofs, grills, bars, road blocks or other physical means that can hinder penetration.
• 5 types of physical barrier:

  1. Natural barrier
  2. manmade or structural barrier
  3. human barrier
  4. animal barrier
  5. energy barrier
• TYPES OF BARRIERS ACCORDING TO THEIR LINE OF DEFENSE:

  1. 1st line of defense - perimeter barrier
  2. 2nd line of defense - Building Exteriors
  3. 3rd line of defense - Interior Controls
• 1. Perimeter barrier (First Line of defense)- fence or barrier in the perimeter.
• 1. Building Exteriors (Second Line of defense) - walls, roofs, grills, windows.
• 1. Interior Controls (Third Line of defense) - storage systems or containers such as cabinets, volts, safes
• perimeter barrier - Serves as the first line of defense.
• perimeter barrier - These are the structures that defines the physical limit of an installation or the areas that restrict access thereto. These are the physical barriers that protects the inside and outside perimeter
• two types of fence:

  • solid fence
  • full-view fence
• types of FULL – VIEW

  a.    Chain Link

  b.    Barbed Wire

  c.    Concertina

   
• Advantage of solid fence : By this fence, it denies intruder the opportunity to become familiar with the personnel, activities, and the time schedules and movement of guards within the installation.