TLE

• 3D printing


  A kind of additive manufacturing in which an object is created by building up successive layers of material

  
• 3D printing


  • Allows us to quickly and cheaply make complex objects without expensive molding and casting tools
• CAD Model


  3D printed Model
• Terminologies

  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Rapid Prototyping
  • Subtractive Processes
  • Stereolithography
• History of 3D printing

  1. In 1984, Charles Hull invented stereolithography

  2. In 1992, Bill Clinton played sax on The Arsenio Hall Show and 3D Systems created the world's first stereolithographic apparatus (SLA) machine

  3. In 1992, startup DTM produced the world's first selective laser sintering (SLS) machine

  4. In 2005, Dr. Adrian Bowyer's RepRap Project launched an open-source initiative to create a 3D printer that could basically build itself
• Types of 3D Printing

  • Stereolithography (SLA)
  • Digital Light Processing(DLP)
  • Fused deposition Modeling (FDM)
  • Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
  • Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
  • Electronic Beam Melting (EBM)
  • Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
  • Binder Jetting (BJ)
  • Material Jetting (MJ)

  
• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)/ Fused Filament Fabrication(FFF)


  Works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers
• Terminologies in FDM

  • Slicing: Turning a 3D model into 2D layers used for 3D printing
  • Filament: Material used to build 3D printed parts
  • Extruder: The "hot glue gun" of your 3D printer; it uses filament to draw out the layers of 3D printed parts
  • Build Plate: Surface on which 3D prints are built

  
• Hardware in Stereolithography (SLA)

  • Filament: Material used to build 3D printed parts
  • Extruder and Hot End: The "hot glue gun" of your 3D printer; it uses filament to draw out the layers of 3D printed parts
  • Build Plate: Surface on which 3D prints are built
  • Gantry: Moves the carriage in the x-axis and y-axis
  • Carriage: Carries the extruder

  
• Steps to 3D Print

  1. Observe

  2. Sketch & Ideate

  3. 3D modelling

  4. 3D design

  5. Export Models

  6. Preparation and slicing

  7. Layout / Repair / Prep

  8. Slicing

  9. 3D printing

  10. Evaluate & iterate

  
• Creating 3D Models


  Can be created with any CAD package, sculpting or computer graphics application, 3D scanning or Photogrammetry. The only thing needed is an STL/OBJ file.
• Printing Mechanism

  • Extruder
  • Hot End
  • Nozzle
  • Filament
• Slicing Software

  • Simplify3D
  • Cura
  • Flashprint
  • Ideamaker
  • Prusa Slicer
• Extruder


  The core of the printer, where the filament is fed, melted, and pushed out through a nozzle to build the object
• Extruder components


  • Hot End
  • Nozzle
  • Filament
• Hot End

  Where the filament melts and exits through the nozzle
• Nozzle


  The tiny tip where the melted filament comes out, determining the layer height and detail of the print
• Applications of 3D printing

  • Form, Fit and Function
  • Prototyping
  • Jewelry
  • Medical
  • Prototypes for Medical Applications
  • Exoskeleton

  
• Filament


  The thermoplastic material (e.g., PLA, ABS) fed into the printer to create the object
• Print Bed

  • Heated Bed
  • Print Bed Surface
• Heated Bed


  Helps prevent warping in certain materials like ABS and improves layer adhesion
• Space exploration: Making spare parts on the fly, Cheaper and efficient flying
• Print Bed Surface


  The top layer of the bed where the filament adheres. Can be smooth, textured, or coated with adhesive for better grip
• Movement and Control

  • Stepper Motors
  • Steppers Drivers
  • Frame and Axes
  • Belts and Pulleys
• Social change: It becomes easier to transmit designs of new objects around the world
• Stepper Motors


  These motors control the movement of the print head and bed along the X, Y, and Z axes, building the object layer by layer
• Steppers Drivers


  These control the power delivered to the stepper motors, ensuring precise movement
• 3D printing Technology could revolutionize and re-shape the world. Advances in 3D printing Technology can significantly change and improve the way the manufacture products and produce goods worldwide.
• Frame and Axes


  The rigid structure that holds all the components and guides the movement of the print head and bed
• Belts and Pulleys


  These transmit power from the stepper motors to the print head and bed, allowing for smooth movement
• Electronics and Software

  • Processor
  • Mainboard
  • Power Supply
  • LCD Display
  • Connectors
  • Firmware
• Processor


  Converts the 3D model file (e.g., STL) into instructions for the other printer parts to follow
• Mainboard


  The central circuit board that controls all the electronic components and processes the instructions
• Power Supply


  Provides power to the printer's components
• LCD Display


  Shows the printer status, allows for adjustments, and sometimes initiates printing
• Connectors


  Link all the electronic components within the printer
• Firmware


  The software that controls the printer's overall operation
• Additional Parts


  • Cooling Fan
  • Enclosure
  • Filament Holder
  • Sensors
• Cooling Fan


  Cools the hot end and printed object, preventing overheating and improving print quality
• Enclosure


  May be present to control temperature and fumes, especially for certain materials