IO Psychology Midterms

• HRM - business, profit, traditional and conservative approach
• IO - human, organization, sexual harassment, gender differences
• Personnel Psychology - selection and evaluation of employee
• Industrial/Organizational Psychology - applied psychology to the workplace
• Organizational Psychology - investigates the behavior of employees within the context of ab organization
• 1997 - major economic crisis that started in the USA
• 2000 - another economic crisis
• Business Program - broader aspects of running an organization
• Human Factors/Ergonomics - concentrates on workplace design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue and stress
• IO Psychology - also known as economic psychology, business psychology and employment psychology before WW1
• Walter Dill Scot - Theory of Advertising (1903) and Increasing Human Efficiency in Business (1911)
• Hugo Munsterberg - Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1910)
• The first major impact of IO Psychology in history was made during WW1 which is the testing, recruitment, and placement of soldiers.
• Army Alpha - inteligency test developed during WW1 nd used by the army for soldiers who can read
• Army Beta - the counterpart of Army Alpha, for soldiers who cant read
• John Watson - served as an army major in the US
• Thomas Edison - created the 163-test item administered to 90 applicants
• Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth - first to improve productivity and reduce fatigue by studying the motions of workers
• Hawthorne Studies (1930s) - this study represent change in behavior when people react to the change of environment
• Major Fields of IO Psychology

  1. Personnel Psychology
  2. Organizational Psychology
  3. Human Factors/Ergonomics
• Hawthorne Effect - employee changes their behavior when recieving attention
• 1960s - several major civil rights legisation and use of sensitivity training and T-Groups for managers
• 1970s - understanding of employee satisfaction and intervention
• 1980s - 1990s - introduced 4 major changes
• Major Changes during the 1980s-1990s

  1. increase use of sophisticated techniques and methods
  2. new interest in the application of cognitive psychology to industry
  3. increased interest in the effects of work on family life and leisure activity
  4. renewed interest in developing methods to select new employees
• 2000s - characterized by rapid advances of technology, paved the way for global economy, and high employment rates
• Employment of IO Psychologist

  1. Education - (M.A: 0.8; Ph.D: 40.0)
  2. Private Sector - (M.A: 44.0; Ph.D: 20.3)
  3. Public Sector - (M.A: 10.3; Ph.D: 8.2)
  4. Consulting - (M.A: 57.3; Ph.D: 25.0)
  5. Other - (M.A: 7.4; Ph.D: 3.5)
• Hypothesis - an educated prediction about the answer to a research questions
• Theory - a systematic set of assumptions
• Journals - a written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research, the best source of unbiased and accurate information about a topic
• Bridge Publication - designed to bridge the gap between academia and the applied world
• Trade Magazines - collections of articles for those "in the biz" about related professional topics
• Magazines - an unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topic, terrible to use in support of a scientific hypothesis
• Literature Reviews

  • Journals
  • Bridge Publications
  • Trade Magazines
  • Magazines
• Laboratory Research - mostly controlled variables
• External Validity or Generalizability - the extent to which research can be expected to hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained
• Field Research - research conducted in a natural setting as opposed to a laboratory
• Internal Validity - control of extraneous variables that are not of interest to the researcher
• Informed Consent - the formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study
• Location of the Study

  • Laboratory Research
  • External Validity
  • Field Research
  • Internal Validity
  • Informed Consent