english india

• Sanskrit


  The ancestral language used in India, meaning "cultivated" or "perfected"
• Sanskrit literature originated


  1. Oral tradition

  2. Vedic holy texts (after 1500 B.C.)
• Vedic/Vedas


  The tradition/s of the Indian people handed down by word of mouth, meaning "knowledge"
• Aryans


  • Brought the ideas of their own gods with them
  • Memorized the sacred literatures
• Rig Veda


  The oldest form of Vedas, a collection of 1017 hymns addressed to the various Gods of the Aryans, meaning "the Veda of praise"
• Brahmanas


  Codified the rituals and prayers of the Brahmins, the priests of the Aryans

  
• Upanishads


  Discourses between teachers and pupils, after the Brahmanas
• Puranas


  The history of the Aryan race and its relationship with the Gods
• Mahabharata


  The longest poem in any language, considered the greatest epic in India, revolving around the conflict between the Pandavas and the Kauravas over the throne of Hastinapur

  
• Ramayana


  The journey of Prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita, who has been abducted by the demon king Ravana
• Dharma


  The Hindu term for maintaining rightful order and morality
• The Sanskrit grammar evolved, the literary works aimed to put learning in the form of laws for the arts and sciences as well as to develop poetry and drama

  400 B.C.
• Shastra


  Sanskrit word meaning "manual of instruction", a book of knowledge, religious treatise, or a sacred book
• Kalidasa


  Considered the brightest among the "nine gems of genius", wrote 3 plays, 2 epic poems, and 2 shorter poems, including "Shakuntala"
• Shakuntala


  A love story between King Dushyanta and Shakuntala (a young woman raised in the forest), who are separated due to a curse after falling in love and getting married
• Modern Indian literature started with the establishment of civil service training schools and printing presses in the 19th century
• Modern Indian literature produced a cultural revival and managed to keep the sentimental romanticism
• Nationalist leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi influenced the development of social realism in the earlier works of modern Indian literature
• Mahatma Gandhi


  India's father of the nation, pioneered the "Satyagraha" - resistance to tyranny through mass nonviolent civil disobedience
• Rabindranath Tagore


  Great Indian poet and dramatist, Nobel Prize for Literature awardee in 1913
• Sanskrit


  The ancestral language used in India, meaning "cultivated" or "perfected"
• Sanskrit literature originated


  1. Oral tradition

  2. Produced Vedic holy texts

  
• Vedic/Vedas


  The action in which the traditions of the Indian people are handed down by word of mouth, meaning "knowledge"
• Aryans


  • Brought the ideas of their own gods with them
  • Memorized the sacred literatures
• Rig Veda


  The oldest form of Vedas, a collection of 1017 hymns addressed to the various Gods of the Aryans, meaning "the Veda of praise"
• Brahmanas


  Codified the rituals and prayers of the Brahmins, the priests of the Aryans
• Upanishads

  Discourses between teachers and pupils, introduced after Brahmanas
• Jewish literature

  The greatest literature that the Jewish people have produced
• Holy Bible


  The central topic of any Jewish literature that was produced
• Parts of the Holy Bible

  • Old Testament
  • New Testament

  
• Old Testament

  Focuses on the history and teachings of ancient Israel (from the creation of the world to before the birth of Jesus Christ)
• New Testament

  Focuses on the life, teachings, and the establishment of Christianity
• The Jews only accepted the Old Testament as their bible
• Jewish God

  • No statue/imagery
  • Believing and loving him is the only way they could show how much he means to them
• Showing love to God

  Via hymns of praise and thanksgiving for his paternal love and wisdom
• Earliest Jewish poetry

  • Generally emotional and often passionate
  • Expressed the "true lives" of the people living during their time
• Jewish literature

  • Shows great love of their country
  • Appreciation of their culture
• Types of Jewish literature

  • Lyric
  • Narrative
  • Drama
• Lyric

  A piece of writing (poem or song) that is used to celebrate, contemplate, and transmit the rich heritage and values of Jewish culture
• Narrative

  Tells a story from the perspective of Jewish characters or themes, usually involving stories from the Holy Bible