what is mutation?

• Mutation


  A process that changes a DNA sequence
• Mutation example


  • Codon sequence changing from AUG - ACC - AGG to AUG - ACG - AGG
  • Can change the color of the eyes or skin of the animal or human
• Mutation

  Genetic mutations is when there is a changehappens to your DNA sequence that happen during cell division when your cells make copies of themselves.
• Organisms with more advantageous traits for their environment


  Survive and reproduce more often
• This causes traits in the population to change over time
• Organisms produce more offspring than needed to sustain the population
• Advantageous trait


  • Helps a population survive (e.g. Polar bear's white fur helps them hide from prey in the snow)
• Darwin's theory


  Organisms born with the best adaptations survive and pass on their traits to offspring. Organisms without these adaptations die and do not reproduce. Over time, the population changes as more organisms inherit the adaptation.
• Struggle for existence

  Organisms must compete for the limited resources within the environment
• The fittest

  The well-adapted individuals are more likely to breed than those that are less well adapted to the environment - they pass on their genes to the next generation
• The frequency of a gene

  Increases in the population
• Survival of the fittest

  Individuals that are the best suited/adapted to their environments are more likely to survive than those without these advantages
• Overproduction

  All organisms produce more offspring (chicks), than can possibly survive
• Variation

  Within the population there may be some inherited characteristics that make the organisms that have the phenotype (characteristics) more suited at competing for food, shelter or a mate in the environment
• gene


  section of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
• Chromosome


  Condensed, coiled, and shorted DNA
• Chromosome condensation


  Occurs during mitosis and meiosis