B2

Created by

Alice Cottrill

Cards (40)

what is diffusion 
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
what is osmosis 
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
what is active transport 
the movement of molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy
what is high water potential
dilute solution
what is low water potential
concentrated solution
what is mitosis 
cell division that generates new cells for growth and repair. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells
what is the cell cycle
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
what is the importance of cell differentiation 
Differentiated cells are important in a multicellular organism because they are able to perform a specialised function in the body
what are adult stem cells 
stem cells from adults that can only differentiate into certain specialised cells
what're the different types of stem cells
-adult stem cells
-embryonic stem cells
what are meristems 
perpetually embryonic tissue and allow for indeterminate growth
what is surface area: volume ratio 
The amount of surface exposed for a given volume
what is the human circulatory system
double circulatory system. The blood must pass through the heart twice before completing one whole circuit of the body
how does the human circulatory system work
The human body system that contians the heart, blood, and all of the blood vessels. It delivers all the nutrients to the cells
what is the need for a double circulatory system
so oxygen can be replenished as blood is still being pumped around the body
how does gas exchange occur 
by diffusion
what are cardiac muscles 
muscles of the heart
what are the names of the valves in the heart
tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar
what are the chambers of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
what are the blood vessels in and out of the heart
-the aorta
-the vena cava
-the pulmonary vein
-the pulmonary artery
what is a vein 
a vessel that carries blood to the heart
what is an artery 
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
what is a capillary 
Very tiny, branching blood vessel where gas exchange occurs
what is the diameter of lumen 
10μm
what are red blood cells
Cells that have no nuclei and contain haemoglobin to transport oxygen
what is haemoglobin 
A large protein that carries oxygen around the body in the red blood cells
what is plasma 
liquid portion of blood
what is the structure of root hair cells 
roughly rectangular with a cytoplasmic extension on its lateral end
how are water and mineral ions taken up by plants
-the xylem
-the phloem
what is the xylem 
vascular tissue that carries water up from the roots to every part of a plant
what is the phloem 
the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products down from the leaves
what is transpiration 
The loss of water from a plant
what is translocation 
The movement of sugars through phloem in plants
what is the stomata 
Small holes in a leaf that allow gas exchange to occur
how does the stomata work
Stomata are surrounded by two guard cells. light intensity is high the guard cells swell and change their shape. This causes the stomata to open. carbon dioxide can diffuse into the leaf and be used in photosynthesis
what is the structure of the xylem 
Hollow tubes strengthened by lignin
what is the structure of the phloem 
Tubes of elongated cells
how does light intensity effect water uptake in a plant
the rate of transpiration increases
how does air movement effect water uptake in a plant
Air bubbles prevent the cohesive forces and stop the upward tension being transmitted through the entire water column
how does temperature effect water uptake in a plant
increases which would result in greater water uptake