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Sociology poverty and work
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Carys Halford
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Cards (68)
absolute poverty
lack of basic needs such as food,
water
and
shelter
relative poverty
being poor in comparison to the
majority
of people in
society
multiple
deprivation
lacking in a number of things which are
agreed
upon by people other than the
sociologist
social exclusion
not being able to full participate in society due to a factor such as a
low income
or
poor housing
environmental poverty
when the local area is
polluted
or
dangerous
deprivation
index
a list of things used to determ relative
poverty
cultural
explanation of
poverty
blames
poverty
on the individual's culture or
behaviour
fatalism
acceptance
of their situation, rather than trying to
change
it
immediate gratification
wanting
rewards
immediately, and not thinking of the
future
the
underclass
theory
most poverty is caused by the individual, no one in the
UK
should be
poor
as there are many jobs, but there are some people who do not want to work
structural
explanation of
poverty
blames
poverty
on society or the
government
poverty
trap
a situation where a person is stuck in poverty e.g financially
worse
off if they have a job becuase they will
loose
their benefits
cycle of
deprivation
theory
children are born into poverty. Poverty is caused by society through
low
pay and
poor
housing
wealth
ownership of assets such as
property
and
savings
marketable wealth
any
asset
that can be
sold
non-marketable wealth
an asset that cannot be sold e.g
pension
income
a
regular
flow of
payment
e.g wages
gross income
income
before
deductions. Erned income
such as wages and unearned income such as tax credits
disposable income
gross income
after
deductions
concealment of assets
lying about your wealth in an attempt to hide it
social
desirability
people with
little wealth
pretend they are wealthier to avoid the embarrassment caused by
poverty
welfare state
society where the
government
are responsible and provide services such as
health care
universal benefits
benefits given to anyone at a point of need e.g NHS
dependency
culture
encouraging people to
rely
on government handouts rather than being
self-sufficient
means
tested
benefits
only given to people who need it e.g only if
income
falls
below
a set amount
welfare pluralism
using more than one institution to provide
welfare
to the
population
statutory welfare provision
welfare provided by the
government
e.g NHS
subjective poverty
an individual's thoughts and
feelings
about their own
wellbeing
informal welfare providers
sources of
care
that are not
organisations
e.g family
private welfare providers
profit making companies who charge for
welfare
e.g
private
schools
productive wealth
when something you own provides an
income
, such as owning a property you
rent
out to others
consumption wealth
things the owner uses e.g car
inheritance
tax
paid on an estate when somebody
dies
, doesn't have to be paid unless the property is
worth £325,000
or more
direct tax
taken straight from
wages
e.g
income
tax, the more you earn, the more you pay
indirect
tax
added to the things you buy e.g
VAT
cash benefits
benefits given buy the state to supplement
low incomes
e.g working tax credits
benefits in kind
services provided by the state which are freely available e.g
healthcare
tax avoidance
legal schemes that financial
advisors
create so their clients can avoid paying tax e.g living outside of
britain
for a year
tax evasion
when people don't declare their wealth to the
inland revenue
, e.g working cash in hand
hidden poverty
when poverty is
hidden
within the
family
, experieced by women (feminists say)
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