Chapter 25

• two largest constituents of the body fluid?

  water, electrolytes
• which is more abundant in the body, water or electrolytes?

  water
• 1st main function of water?

  act as a vehicle for transportation
• 2nd main function of water?

  heat regulation, evaporation & perspiration
• 3rd main function of water?

  maintanence of hydrogen in body
• 4th main function of water?

  digestion
• more than __ the body weight is water?

  half
• amount of water varies by?

  age, sex, health
• adult male vs female body % of water?

  60, 50
• the greater amount of body fat, the __ amount of water?

  less
• the infant is susceptible to water changes due to their large __?

  body surface area
• dehydration causes __?

  hypovolemia
• minerals or salts that are dissolved in body fluid?

  electrolytes
• electrolytes are mesaured in?

  mEq/L
• when electrolytes are in a solution they break into particles called?

  ions
• for each positively charged ion in a fluid, there must be a __?

  negatively charged
• electrolytes move freely in body but each have primary?

  location
• the major source of electrolytes is the persons __?

  diet
• sodium range?

  135-145
• potassium range?

  3.5-5.0
• calcium range?

  8.4-10.6
• Magnesium range?

  1.3-2.1
• Phosphate range?

  3.0-4.5
• Chloride range?

  96-106
• Bicarbonate range?

  22-26
• what is the major cation of the extraceluar fluid?

  sodium
• major role of sodium in the body?

  water balance regulation
• major intracellular cation?

  potassium
• potassium is important to what (2) body processes?

  nerve transmission, muscle contraction
• what electrolyte is necessary for blood coagulation?

  calcium
• electrolyte that is necessary in the formation of ATP?

  phosphate
• electrolyte that activates B complex vitamins?

  phosphate
• movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration ?

  diffusion
• movement of liquids (solvent) across a membrane?

  osmosis
• diffusion is the process of?

  equilization
• diffusion may occur by movement along an __ as well?

  electrical gradient
• osmosis takes place via a __?

  semipermeable membrane
• equal solute concentration is called?

  isotonic
• If cells are surrounded by a solution that has a greater concentration of solute than the cells have?

  hypertonic
• what happens to the cell when the solution is hypertonic?

  shrink