Exeter Cathedral

• William de Warlwest 1112


  rebuilds in romanesque
• Bronsecombe 13th century


  rebuilds in gothic
• Romanesque style included


  - Stone walls rather than wood

  - towers

  - thick walls

  -arcade
• Gothic style includes


  - Butrasseses

  - Vaulted Ceiling

  - Larger lady chapel

  - few windows

  - rose window
• Jealous of Salisbury


  Civic pride
• Growth of clergy


  mass worship ~> needed bigger nave

  devotion to saints ~> more chapels + alters

  clergy ~> chapter house, choir
• Hericain Reformation (why)


  Henry V111 wanted to divorce Catherine of Aargon because Anne Boleyn was pregnant incase she had a baby boy so that he could become eligible for the heir - so he had to break from Rome.

  
  

  The church had more power than him and he didn't like that.
• Henricain Reformation (how)


  Work ~> education

  38 Vicars ~> 3 priests

  24 canons ~> pastor + 12 preists
• How did the Henricain reformation change the church in england?

  It shut down monastries + abbies - they sold the materials used to build them and all the jewlery on the inside.

  -> earnt Henry LOTS OF MONEY
• What did Heynes do?

  - Bishop Lacey tomb defaced ~> brass stripped off

  - deustoeywd statues / images of saints

  - tested pages from books who metion the pope ~> ICONACLASM
• When was heynes?


  1539-40
• Leaclade murdered


  7 gates and a wall built around the Cathedral
• When was lechlade murdered?

  1283
• gates


  Broad ate (8ft wide)

  little stile

  bear gate
• Ethelstan


  donated holy relics; Jesus Manager, Virgin Mary's hair, St.Peter's bread
• When did Ethelstan donate the holy relics?

  932AD
• Edwardian Reformation 1547


  - whitewash west screen

  - removal of hight at high alter
• 1547 ~> Edwardian V1= KING!


  reformation continues

  - lady chapel = unused

  - Bishop berkeley's tomb stopped off brass

  - Latin mass no longer used

  - removal of statues / wealth

  - WHITEWASHED WALLS
• May 2nd Luftwaffe WW2


  direct hit on St James Chapel, deystroying it

  -> windows smashed

  -> rebuilt in medieval style
• to prepare for the war cathedral removed

  Bishops throne

  Ancient glass -> great easy window

  ancient charters -> king ethelstan, edward the confessor
• Transubstantiation


  blood and body of christ being represented by bread and wine
• Iconoclasm


  deystroying of images of idols/icons so people don't preform idolatry
• Idolatry


  worship of idols/saints
• When did Gilbert Scott restore the Cathedral?


  1871
• How did Gilbert Scott restore the Cathedral?

  -rebuilt lady chapel with a new east window

  -nave pulpit to commemorate Bishop John Coleridge Patterson; St.Boniface and St.Albans

  -choir = reredo replaced with elaborate images of the ascension (22ft high)
• Why was the reredo controversial? (STILL GILBERT SCOTT)

  because it went against Edward VI reformation laws.
• When did Sir Gilbert Scott start restoring the cathedral?


  1871
• What did Edward the Confessor do?

  -Reforms church to English

  -Bought Norman priests to England -> e.g Arch Bishop of Canterbury

  - movement of Bishop's (moved bishops around) -> small to large towns -> e.g Sherbone to Salisbury
• When was Edward the Confessor king?

  1042AD
• 1970's;


  Roman graveyard found on cathedral grounds.

  -> buried inside the walls = catholic

  -> buried out of the walls = not catholic
• When was the graveyard built?

  400-500 AD.
• 1046


  Leofric becomes Bishop of Crediton
• 1051


  Leofric becomes the Bishop of Exeter
• Carvings of who was built into the Cathedral after WW2?

  George Down with his stonemason tools, a rugby player commemorating the match between Exeter and Oxford.

  -> match was played to raise funds for the reconstruction post-war
• What does the carving suggest about the purpose of the cathedral?

  Commemorating the community who helped rebuild it after the construction.
• 1534


  Latimer visits Exeter -> teachings
• Clergy


  formal leaders within established religions -> E.G Priests + Bishops