ICT lesson 1-3

• Flowchart


  A diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the nature and flow of the steps and process. Another name for this tool is "flow diagram"
• Flowchart


  • Commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of processes in a business system
  • Useful tool to design an efficient business system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system
• Elements of a Flowchart

  • Terminator
  • Process
  • Sub-process
  • Decision
  • Arrow lines
  • Connectors
• Terminator


  Represented by a small rectangle with curved corners, appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart, the end terminator appears only once on a single flowchart
• Process


  Represented by a rectangle, refers to an action in a business process, must be described clearly and concisely using a single verb noun phrase
• Sub-process


  Represented by a rectangle with double lines on each side. A sub process is a major process that could be broken up into simpler processes developed into another flowchart.
• Decision


  Represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a decision of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box.
• Connector


  Represented by a small circle or a connector box and is labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a flowchart on several pages, and a connector ensures that the processes are connected logically and correctly on several pages.
• Arrow lines


  • Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom. Flowcharts are clearer when arrow lines do not loop back, as this could indicate redundancy in the business process.
• Basic Flowchart Symbols

  • Oval (starting/ending point)
  • Box (individual step/activity)
  • Diamond (decision point)
  • Circle (connection to another page)
  • Triangle (in-process measurement)
• Drafting tools, materials, and equipment


  • Without them, it will take a long time or it is very impossible to finish a work
• Basic tools and materials used in drafting

  • Drafting table and stand
  • T-square
  • Triangle
  • Triangle scale
  • Compass
  • Divider
  • Protractor
  • French curve
  • Erasing shield
  • Pencil sharpener
  • Sandpaper pad
  • Pencil
  • Drafting paper
  • Pencil eraser
  • Drafting tape
• Drafting table and stand


  A special table with a slanted surface that can be adjusted based on the desired angle, higher than an ordinary writing table because some drawings are usually done while the draftsman is standing
• 1. square


  • Guides in drawing parallel horizontal lines
• Triangle


  • Draws perfect 90, 60, 45 and 30 degree angles
• Triangle scale


  • Guides horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines
• Compass


  • Draws large arcs and circles in pencil or pen point
• Divider


  • Used to equally divide a line or space by trial and error
• Protractor


  • Used to measure layout angle/arc
• French curve


  • Used as a guide in drawing irregular curved lines
• Erasing shield


  • Used to erase ink, pencil lines, and blots located in space
• Pencil sharpener


  • Sharpens pencil
• Sandpaper pad


  • Makes pencil points conical and long without breaking
• Pencil


  Consists of thick graphite used for writing and drawing
• Drafting paper


  A thick paper specifically for drafting and sketching
• Pencil eraser


  • Used to remove unwanted lines and marks in drawing
• Drafting tape


  • Secures the drawing paper on the table
• Oval


  Indicates both the starting point and the ending point of the process steps
• Box


  Represents an individual step or activity in the process
• Diamond


  Shows a decision point, such as yes / no or go/no go. Each path emerging from the diamond must be labeled with one of the possible answers
• Circle


  Indicates that a step is connected to another page or part of the Flowchart. A letter placed in the circle clarifies the continuation
• Flow diagram


  a flowchart is also named as
• Basic flowchart symbol 


  symbol that are commonly used in flowchart
• 5S

  A workplace organization methodology that uses a list of five Japanese words: Seiri (sorting), Seiton (Straightening), Seiso (Systematic Cleaning), Seiketsu (Standardizing) and Shitsuke (sustaining)
• Sorting (Seiri)


  1. Eliminate all unnecessary tools, parts, and instructions

  2. Keep only essential items and eliminate what is not required

  3. Prioritize things per requirements and keep them in easily-accessible places

  4. Everything else is stored and discarded
• Straightening or setting in Order / Stabilize (Seiton)


  1. There should be a place for everything and everything should be in its place

  2. The place for each item should be clearly labelled or demarcated

  3. Items should be arranged in a manner that promotes efficient work flow, with equipment used most often being the most easily accessible
• Shining or Systematic Cleaning (Seiso)


  1. Clean the workplace and all equipment, and keep it clean, tidy and organized

  2. At the end of each shift clean the work area and be sure everything is restored to its place

  3. Maintaining cleanliness should be part of the daily work - not an occasional activity initiated when things gets too messy
• Standardizing (Seiketsu)


  1. All work stations for a particular job should be identical

  2. Employees doing the same job should be able to work in any station with the same tools that are in the same location in every station

  3. Everyone should know exactly what his or her responsibilities are for adhering to the first 3 S's
• Sustaining the Discipline or Self-Discipline (Shitsuke)


  1. Maintain and review standards

  2. Maintain and focus on this new way and do not allow gradual decline back to the old days

  3. While thinking about the new way, also be thinking about yet better ways
• Measuring tool maintenance


  Proper care and maintenance of measuring tools is important to increase accuracy, extend tool life, and lower costs