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• Triangular bandage


  A standard triangular bandage is made from a piece of cloth approximately forty inches square by folding the square diagonally and cutting along the fold
• Triangular bandage


  • Easily applied
  • Part to be applied over the wound or burn dressings will not be soiled
  • Usually made from unbleached cotton cloth, although any kind of cloth will do
• Cravat bandage


  A triangular bandage may be used open or folded. When folded, it is known as a cravat
• Medium cravat


  Made by folding lengthwise along a line midway between the base and the new top of the bandage
• Narrow cravat


  Made by repeating the folding lengthwise
• Dimensions of triangular bandage

  The standard size is 40x40x59 or 40x40x60 inches
• Square knot or reef knot

  Commonly used in binding two ends of the bandage together and it is easy to untie without jarring or hurting the patient
• Elbow bandage


  1. Bend the arm at the elbow and place the middle of the cravat at the point of the elbow bringing the ends upward

  2. Bring the ends across, extending both downward

  3. Take both ends around the arm and tie with a square knot at the front of the elbow
• If an elbow fracture is suspected, DO NOT bend the elbow, bandage it in the position found
• Arm sling


  1. Place folded base vertically over one arm, with pointed directly under the elbow of an injured arm

  2. Lower ends of base at the side of the neck using a square knot

  3. Make several twist with apex and tie a knot

  4. Hide the knot
• Ear injury


  1. Place the middle of the bandage over the ear

  2. Cross the ends, wrap in opposite directions around the head, and tie

  3. Place a dressing between the ear and head
• Palm injury


  1. Lay the middle of the cravat over the palm with the ends hanging down on each side

  2. Take the end of cravat at the little finger across the back of hand extending it upward over the base of the thumb; then downward across the palm

  3. Take the thumb end across the back of the hand, over the palm, and through the hollow between the thumb and palm

  4. Take the ends to the back of the hand and cross them. Then bring them up over the wrist and cross them again. Bring both ends down and tie them with square knot on top of the wrist
• Cravat for the forearm, arm, leg, and thigh

  1. Place the center of cravat over the dressing

  2. Begin ascending turns with upper end and descending turns with lower end, with each turn covering two-third of preceding turn until dressing is covered

  3. Terminate by tying both ends in square knot
• Hand bandage


  1. Place the hand in the middle of the triangular bandage with the wrist at the base

  2. Place the apex over the fingers and tuck any excess material into the pleats on each side of the hand

  3. Cross the ends on top of the hand, take them around the wrist, and tie them with a square knot
• Head bandage


  1. Place the center of the cravat over the compress covering the wound

  2. Carry the ends around to the opposite side of the head, cross them. Bring them back to the starting point and tie them
• Other types of bandages: burn in the face, eye injury, chin injury, temple injury

  
• Martial arts


  • A traditional method of fighting or defending yourself
  • A traditions of combat practiced for several reasons such as self-defense, military, and law enforcement
  • A martial art is believed to have been a tool to use by our forefathers in their fight for freedom during pre-Spanish times and in the revolution which won for us our independence in 1898
• Arnis


  • A martial arts with distinct form and style
  • Uses one or two stick commonly made of rattan about 1 inch in diameter and 28 inches in length
  • Practiced primarily as a sports activity, a defense or protection, and a tool by law enforcement agencies in maintaining law and order
• Different names for Arnis

  • Estacada – Tagalog
  • Kaliramdam – Eastern Visayas
  • Escrima/Eskrima – Western Visayas
  • Kaligrongan – Pangasinan
  • Kabaroan – Ilocos Region
  • Pagkali-kali – Ibanags
  • Sinawali – Pampanga
• Arnis or Arnis de Mano


  • Also known as Eskrima, or Kali, and other names in various regional languages
  • An indigenous Filipino martial arts and sports characterized using swinging, and twirling movements, accompanied by striking, thrusting, and parrying techniques for defense and offense
  • Considered as the Philippines' national sport, after President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Republic Act No. 9850 in 2009
  • The primary weapon is the rattan stick called a cane or baston (baton), which varies in size, but is usually about 28 inches (71 cm) in length
• Republic Act No. 9850 mandates the Department of Education to include Arnis as a Physical Education course
• Modern Arnis


  • Master Remy Amador Presas - The "Father of Modern Arnis"
  • He gave new life and meaning to the true Filipino martial art
  • Wrote the first book on Arnis
• Types of sticks in Arnis

  • Live stick
  • Paddle stick
• Significance of Arnis


  • Can be used as self-defense
  • You can use your stick as a weapon
  • Teaches discipline and self-control
  • Provides a full body workout
  • Gives a healthy lifestyle
  • Gives positive encouragement and respect for values in martial arts
• Kali


  • The oldest form of Arnis, originated from the Southern part of the Philippines
  • A deadly form of martial arts because it uses a combination of Arnis and freehand combat
  • The name comes from "Ka" which stands for "kamot" meaning "hand" and "Li" which stands for "lihok" meaning "movement"
• Eskrima


  • Also known as sword fighting
  • Originated in central part of the Philippines
  • The name comes from the Spanish term "esgrima", which means "fencing"
• Arnis de Mano


  • A truly native martial art
  • Makes use of long rattan stick that the martial artist uses to strike an opponent or to parry the opponent's blows
• Three forms of Arnis de Mano

  • Espada y daga - A combination of short and long dagger
  • Solo Baston - The major fighting system of Arnis
  • Sinawali - Two sticks being swing in intricate movement of criss-cross fashion, derived from the word "SAWALI" which means "weave"
• Primary code of ethics in Arnis

  • Arnis is an event that aims to bond and develop friendship and brotherhood
  • It is never a sport to hurt and defeat the opponent but to improve the skills of the players
  • It aims to develop the mind, the physique, and the character of the player
  • Arnis is played to develop the social aspect that will lead to the close bonding of all practitioners
  • All the practitioners respect each other. They salute each other when they meet and from a meeting before they depart
  • The juniors do not have the right to challenge the seniors unless in the program set by their association to fulfill an objective
  • All the practitioners continue to move on as there is room for improvement or advancement
  • Each practitioner must share with other beginners or practitioners the advancement attained
  • Practitioners must desire to strengthen the Arnis family they belong by sharing love, knowledge and understanding
  • Practitioners must remember that Arnis is not a means to fight people but to bond with them for life improvement
• 12 striking techniques in Arnis

  • Left temple
  • Right temple
  • Right arm
  • Left arm
  • Stomach thrust
  • Right shoulder
  • Left shoulder thrust
  • Left leg
  • Right leg
  • Right eye thrust
  • Left eye thrust
  • Head/crown
• Injuries


  • Damaged tissues or organs when it encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb
  • Tissues and organs react to impact and direction of the force
  • A physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack

  
• Different directions of forces applied to musculoskeletal structures when injury occurs

  • Compression
  • Tension
  • Shear
  • Torsion

  
• Kinds of injuries


  • Overuse
  • Direct impact
  • Application of force
• Acute injury


  Usually associated with a sudden traumatic event
• Types of acute injuries

  • Abrasion - Injury caused by something that rubs or scrapes against the skin
  • Bruise - Rupture of small blood vessels and discoloration without a break in the skin
  • Concussion - Mild reversible brain injury from a blow to the head, which may be associated with loss of consciousness
  • Cut - Wound caused by a sharp object or instrument
  • Strain - Caused by excessive stretching that causes tears in the muscle-tendon unit
  • Sprain - Overstretched ligament by a sudden or violent twist of a joint with stretching or tearing ligaments
• Chronic injury


  Caused by repeated overuse of muscle groups or joints
• Types of chronic injuries

  • Stress fracture - Small crack or severe bruising in a bone
  • Dislocation - Bones pushed out from their joint capsule
  • Tendinopathy / Tendinitis - Usually due to muscle imbalance between muscle pairs
  • Osteoarthritis - Wear and tear of a joint that results to its deterioration
  • Bursitis - Sac-like musculoskeletal structure that provides support and cushioning to the joint, protects commonly used joints such as shoulders and the knee from repetitive mechanical stress
• Common causes of acute and overuse injuries

  • Improper technique
  • Overtraining
  • Lack of conditioning
  • Muscle imbalance
  • Poor equipment
• First aid for sprains, strains, and joint injuries

  1. Rest

  2. Ice

  3. Compression

  4. Elevation

  5. Referral

  6. NO Heat

  7. NO Alcohol

  8. NO Running

  9. NO Massage