C4

• Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
• C++ divides the operators into the following groups:

  • Arithmetic operators

  • Assignment operators

  • Comparison operators

  • Logical operators

  • Bitwise operators
• Arithmetic Operators

  • are used to perform common mathematical operations.
• +

  Addition

  Adds together two values

  x+y
• -

  Subtraction

  Subtracts one value from

  another

  x-y
• *

  Multiplication

  Multiplies two values

  x*y
• /

  Division

  Divides one value by

  another

  x/y
• %

  Modulus

  Returns the division remainder

  x % y
• ++

  Increment Increases the value of a variable by 1

  ++x
• -- Decrement

  Decreases the value of a variable by 1

  --x
• Assignment Operators

  are used to assign values to variables.
• Comparison operators are used to compare two values (or

  variables). This is important in programming, because it helps us to find answers and make decisions.
• As with comparison operators, you can also test for true (1) or

  false (0) values with logical operators.

  Logical operators are used to determine the logic between

  variables or values
• Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified

  condition is true.
• Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same

  condition is false
• Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first

  condition is false
• Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be

  executed cout << x + y + z;
• When C++ reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.
• The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case match:
• Loops can execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is reached.
• The while loop loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition is true
• The do/while loop is a variant of the while loop. This loop will

  execute the code block once, before checking if the condition is true, then it will repeat the loop as long as the condition is true.
• It is also possible to place a loop inside another loop. This is

  called a nested loop.
• There is also a "for-each loop" (introduced in C++ version 11 (2011), which is used exclusively to loop through elements in an array (or other data sets)