RESEARCH

• WHO CARRIED OUT RESEARCH INTO THE STAGES OF ATTACHMENT?

  Schaffer and Emerson
• AIM OF SCHAFFER AND EMERON'S STUDY?

  investigate formation of early attachment (specifically when infants developed their emotional intensity and to whom)
• STUDY TYPE OF SCHAFFER AND EMERON'S STUDY?

  longitudinal
• RESEARCH TECHNIQUES USED IN SCHAFFER AND EMERON'S STUDY?

  naturalistic observations and self-reports
• TOTAL SAMPLE OF SCHAFFER AND EMERON'S STUDY?

  60 babies from skilled, working class Glasgow families
• PROCEDURE OF SCHAFFER AND EMERSON'S STUDY?

  1. Visited families once a month for first year
  2. Visited again at 18 months
  3. Observed babies in 7 everyday separations in these visits
  4. Researchers asked mothers to keep diaries about babies' behaviour to measure infant's attachment and stranger anxiety
• WHAT WERE THE 7 EVERYDAY SEPARATIONS THE BABIES WERE LEFT IN?

  1. Left alone in a room
  2. Left with other people
  3. Left in a pram outside home
  4. Left in a pram outside shops
  5. Left in cot at night
  6. Put down after adult holds them
  7. Passed by while sitting in cot/ chair
• FINDINGS OF SCHAFFER AND EMERSON'S STUDY?

  • between 6 and 8 months of age, 50% showed specific attachment to one person
  • 30% simultaneously formed several attachments
  • by 10 months, 50% had formed more than one attachment
  • by 18 months, 90% had formed more than one attachment
• CONCLUSION OF SCHAFFER AND EMERON'S STUDY?

  babies form multiple attachments and not simply monotropic ones, and between birth and 18 months infants will move through different stages of attachment