Volconoes and earthquake

• Plate margins


  • Earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur at
  • Destructive
  • Constructive
  • Conservative (but no volcanoes as there is no magma)
• Earthquake and volcanoes occur on the Land and in the Sea
• Chain of earthquakes and volcanoes around the Pacific ocean- known as the Ring of Fire
• Volcanoes


  • Some tectonic events occurs away from Plate margin - at hot spots, where the Earth's crust is so thin that magma can rise and escape
• Hawaii


  • One of the most volcanically active Places in the world
• Effusive eruptions occur when molten rock slowly oozes out of a vent or fissure on the ground.
• The three types of volcanic activity include effusive (lava flows), explosive (ash and gas ejected into the air), and phreatomagmatic (water mixed with magma).
• Volcanoes are mountains that have been formed by the eruption of lava, ash, and gases from beneath the Earth's surface.
• Volcanoes are mountains that have been formed by the eruption of lava, ash, and gases from beneath the Earth's surface.
• Explosive eruption occur when gas bubbles within the lava expand rapidly causing an explosion which sends ash high into the air.
• There are two main types of volcanoes: stratovolcanoes and shield volcanoes.
• Lahars are mudflows caused by volcanic activity. They consist of water mixed with volcanic debris such as rocks, boulders and ash.
• Stratovolcanoes are tall and steep, while shield volcanoes are broad and gentle sloping.
• Explosive eruptions occur when there is an interaction between water and magma within the volcano.
• Phreatomagmatic eruptions occur when water mixes with magma within the volcano.
• Explosive eruptions release large amounts of ash and gases into the atmosphere, which can cause significant damage to nearby areas.
• Plinian eruptions involve the rapid release of large amounts of ash and gases into the atmosphere.
• Pyroclastic flows are fast moving clouds of superheated gases and ash that travel down the side of a volcano during explosive eruptions.
• Phreatomagmatic eruption occurs when water mixes with hot magma to form steam, creating an explosion that can send rocks flying through the air.
• Stratovolcanoes are tall conical-shaped volcanoes made up of layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and other materials.
• Ash is fine particles of rock or mineral that are carried upwards during a volcanic eruption.
• The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped area around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes and earthquakes occur.
• Shield volcanoes are broad, gently sloping volcanoes composed mainly of fluid basaltic lava.
• A stratovolcano is a type of volcano characterized by frequent but relatively mild eruptions, while a shield volcano has less violent eruptions but produces more lava over time.
• Shield volcanoes are built up over time through many small explosions, resulting in a large amount of lava being released slowly.
• Shield volcanoes have low viscosity lava flows that spread out over wide areas.
• Pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving cloud of hot ash, rock fragments, and gases that can travel at speeds over 700 km/h.
• The most common type of volcano is the stratovolcano, also known as composite or cinder cone volcanoes.
• Ash is fine particles of solid material such as rock fragments, minerals, glass, and crystallized droplets of lava.
• Pyroclastic flows are fast moving clouds of hot gases and rock fragments that can travel at speeds up to 700 km/h.
• Ash plumes can reach heights of several kilometers above sea level during explosive eruptions.
• The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped area around the Pacific Ocean where many active volcanoes and earthquakes occur.
• What does ALU stand for?

  Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• What is the primary function of the ALU?

  To perform arithmetic and logical operations
• What are the main arithmetic calculations performed by the ALU?

  • Addition
  • Subtraction
  • Division
  • Multiplication
• What logical operations does the ALU perform?

  • AND
  • OR
  • NOT
• What types of comparisons can the ALU make?

  Greater than, less than, equal to
• What is the role of the control unit in the CPU?

  To organize the execution of instructions
• What are the responsibilities of the control unit?

  • Ensure correct execution sequence
  • Decode instructions for execution
  • Send and receive control signals
  • Check successful signal delivery
  • Direct data to correct locations
• What does the control unit ensure about instruction execution?

  It occurs in the correct sequence