Science

• Planet Earth is made up of different things- air, water, plants, animals, soil, rocks, minerals, crude oil, and other fossil fuels. These things are called natural resources because they are not made by people; rather they are gathered from nature.
• Humans need food as a source of energy. We need water to maintain body temperature, air to breathe in, firewood for cooking and a source of light. Wind and water are also harnessed for electricity generation.
• Kinds of Resources


  • Renewable resources
  • Non-renewable resources
• Renewable resources


  Resources that can be used repeatedly and do not run out because they are naturally replaced. No harm is done to the environment because of their uses.
• Non-renewable resources


  Natural substances that are not replenished with the speed at which they are consumed. They are finite resources. Their supply replenishes naturally. Huge harm is done to the environment because of the harmful emissions.
• Non-renewable resources


  • Coal, oil, natural gas
  • Metallic mineral resources such as iron, copper, and aluminum
  • Non-metallic mineral resources such as clay and sand
• The Philippines is surrounded by bodies of water that are the sources of seasonal rain that fall on land. The two bodies of water: the Pacific Ocean in the East and the South China Sea in the West are the origins of typhoons. Typhoons bring lots of rain to the Philippines.
• Where does the water in your community come from? You collect them when the rain falls or get them from the river, deep well, or spring. But rain does not come everyday, so water must be stored in nature somewhere else. These waters come from a watershed. It comes in all shapes and sizes. They cross towns and provinces. This is the reason why a watershed is sometimes called a catchment area.
• The Philippines is still dependent on imported oil for our domestic and industrial needs. But the presence of geologic structures or the presence of volcanoes and trenches and our tropical climate provides several possibilities to get clean and cheap energy.
• Solar Energy


  We have lots of sunshine all year round. It is free, but the cost of production is expensive and requires a large area to collect them.
• Geothermal Energy


  We have large deposits because of the presence of many volcanoes. Geothermal energy or heat from the ground is less polluting than crude oil. But when they are taken from deep under the ground, areas that have high biodiversity are destroyed.
• Geothermal reservoirs


  Pools of water heated by magma deep below the surface. Water or steam can escape from cracks in the earth in the form of geysers (or sometimes as magma from a volcano). The ability to harness the steam is what powers a geothermal power plant.
• Hydropower / Hydroelectric


  We have abundant rain that can be stored in dams and rivers and other bodies of water. Hydroelectric power plants use water to generate electricity. Hydropower (hydro meaning water) is energy that comes from the force moving water. Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir.
• Natural Gas


  A form of fossil fuel, so are coal and crude oil (sometimes called petroleum). In the Philippines, we have coal and natural gas deposits. Coal is a black or brownish-black, solid rock that can be burned.
• Fossil fuels


  Formed from plants and animals that lived on Earth millions of years ago. They are buried deep in the Earth. Natural gas and oil are taken from the deep through oil rigs. Fossil fuels are used to produce electricity, run vehicles, and factory machines.
• Crude oil or petroleum


  Used as fuel to run engines in factories and vehicles. However, the use of petroleum or crude oil causes many environmental problems.
• Natural gas


  The cleanest of all fossil fuels because when burned, it produces the least carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is naturally present in the air in small amounts. However, studies show that an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere results in an increase in atmospheric temperature globally.
• Wind Energy


  A clean energy source that we can rely on for a long-term future. A wind turbine creates reliable, cost-effective, pollution-free energy. It is affordable, clean, and sustainable.
• The Philippines has metallic mineral deposits. They are found near volcanoes and trenches. The important metallic minerals found in various parts of the Philippines include gold, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, and platinum.
• Importance of metals


  The properties of metals make them useful for specific purposes. Iron is the main material for steel bars used in buildings and road construction. Copper is used in making electrical wires. Tin is the material for milk cans. Gold is important in making jewelry.
• The Philippines has also varied non-metallic resources including sand and gravel, limestone, clay, and other quarry materials. The richness of the Philippines in terms of mineral resources is being attributed to its location in the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire.
• Force


  Push or pull
• Force


  • Direction of the force
  • Point of application of the force
  • Line of action of the force
• Magnitude of force


  Strength of the force, commonly expressed in the MKS system as newtons (N) or in the CGS system as dynes (dyn)
• Direction of force


  • Positive (north, upward)
  • Negative (south, downward)
  • Right (east)
  • Left (west)
  • Forward
  • Backward
• There are two types of forces: contact forces and non-contact forces
• VICTORY


  Date