rnw

• organization


  how a text is organized to help readers follow and understand the information presented.
• coherence and cohesion

  • COHERENCE is the connection of ideas at the idea level.
  • COHESION is the connection of ideas at the sentence level.
• text as connected discourse (spoken)


  the spontaneous pronunciation changes.
• connected discourse

  1. assimilation
  2. catenation
  3. elision
  4. intrusion
• assimilation


  when two words combine.
• catenation


  last letter of the first word is joined to the first letter of the next word.

  ex: an apple - a napple
• elision


  lose a sound in the middle.

  ex: sandwich - sanwich
• intrusion


  extra sound ‘intrudes’.

  ex: go on - gowon
• text as connected discourse (written)

  •  some expressions may be in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, or even paragraphs.
• properties of a well written text

  1. have focus
  2. have development
  3. have unity
  4. have coherence
  5. have correctness
• a well written text should have focus


  should have a single clear central idea.
• a well-written text should have development


  each paragraph should support the central idea of the paper.
• a well-written text should have unity


  should be related to the main idea.
• a well-written text should have coherence


  should be organized logically.
• a well-written text should have correctness


  generally correct standard English.
• claim


  expressed opinion or a conclusion.
• 3 types of claim

  1. claims of fact
  2. claims of value
  3. claims of policy
• claims of fact


  asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist and is based on facts or data.
• claims of value


  some things are more or less desirable than others. (moral)
• claims of policy


  suggests a solution to a problem that has been defined.
• explicit textual evidence


  stated directly
• implicit textual evidence


  not stated directly, but leaves clues.
• text

  • original words of something written, printed, or spoken.
  • form of discourse analysis
  • specific use of the English language
• discourse

  • unit of language
  • whole use of a language
  • context-dependent