Cells

• Prokaryotes

  Organisms that are made up of simple cells without a nucleus
• Eukaryotes

  Organisms that have cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Plant and Animal Cells have Similarities and Differences
• Subcellular structures most cells have

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Nucleus


  Contains the genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• Cytoplasm

  The jelly-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen
• Cell membrane

  Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• Mitochondria


  Where most of the reactions for respiration take place, providing the cell with energy
• Ribosomes

  Where proteins are made in the cell
• Additional structures plant cells have

  • Rigid cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• Rigid cell wall

  Made of cellulose, supports the cell and gives it shape
• Permanent vacuole


  Contains a weak solution of sugars and salts
• Chloroplasts

  Where photosynthesis occurs, containing chlorophyll to absorb light
• Bacterial Cells Are Much Smaller
• Bacterial cells don't have a 'true' nucleus instead they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
• Bacterial cells may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
• Bacterial cells don't have chloroplasts or mitochondria