WIDENING OF COLD WAR

• What position did Douglas MacArthur hold after WW2?

  Governor of Japan
• What reforms characterised reverse course?

  -re-education

  -democratisation

  -economic reform

  -demilitarisation
• What was MacArthur's position in 1949?

  Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
• What factors established economic stabilisation in Japan?

  -Balanced budget

  -Stricter lending criteria

  -Wage controls

  -More efficient taxation system

  -Price controls

  -Increased regulation of trade
• Who was appointed economic aviser to SCAP, and what did he produce (bonus: with whom?)

  Joseph Dodge, produced the super balanced budget, with Finance Minister Ikeda
• What did the USA demand Japan join?

  GATT, general Agreement on Tarrifs and Trade
• What did GATT do?


  Strengthened access to Western markets, and prevented trade with China from 1950.
• Who were the key negotiators of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (September 1951)

  Shigeru Yoshida and John Foster Dulles.
• What did the San Francisco Peace Treaty (September 1951) do?

  -recognise Japanese sovereignty

  -force japan to renounce claims to Korea, Taiwan, and other islands

  -require Japan to sign the US-japan security treaty
• What did the US-Japan security treaty give the USA?

  -use of military bases in Japan

  -control of Okinawa

  -right to use military force against internal disorder in Japan

  -prevent japan offering military bases to other states
• How many men did the National Police Reserve initially have?

  75,000 men
• In August 1952, how many ground troops and maritime personnel were in the Japanese National Safety Agency?

  110,000 ground troops, 7600 maritime personnel
• How much funding did Dulles and the Eisenhower administration announce for Japanese Self-Defence Force in 1953?

  $240 million
• How was the Truman administration naive about China?

  They believed China would be isolated from Soviet support
• When did the CCP announce its alleigance to the USSR?

  June 1949
• Who wrote the White Paper, and when?

  Dean Acheson, 30th July 1949 (he is now secretary of state)
• What did the white paper say?

  They shouldsecretlysupport Taiwan to undermine the CCP, and there was nothing to be done about China
• Which countries were excluded by Acheson's Defensive Perimeter Strategy (early 1950)?

  Korea and Taiwan
• What was NSC-68?


  A review into US defence policy following the USSR's procurement of the atom bomb in late 1949 and the loss of China
• What did NSC-68 call for?

  Quadruple the US' defence budget
• What change occured in Asia between 1945-1950?

  The USA's focus shifted heavily to Asia, specifically Japan
• When was the Korean peninsula divided, and where?

  At Potsdam, 38th parallel
• Who was the leader of South Korea who wanted to re-unite it to 'defend a border against Manchuria'?

  Syngman Rhee

  
• How did North Korean leader Kim Il Sung aim to win the war?

  Pressurising both the USSR and China to give aid
• What points did Kim provide Stalin to encourage him to support an attack on the South?

  1. A rapid victory

  2. 200,000 communist supporters already in the South

  3. Well-organised guerrilla force in the south

  4. USA wouldn't have time to intervene
• How many US troops were in South Korean in March 1949 (to Stalin's knowledge)?

  7500
• What did Stalin supply to North Korea instead of troops?

  1600 artillery, 178 aircraft, 258 tanks
• When did Stalin make it clear he wouldn't commit Soviet forces to Korea while the USA were there?

  April 1950
• What prompted Mao's involvement in the Korean War (announced 28th June 1950)?


  Truman ordering the US 7th Fleet to defend Taiwan
• Who was Zhou Enlai, and what did he believe?

  Premier of the People's Republic of China, focused on consolidating Communist power (and some cooperation with West)
• What did Dean Acheson believe was North Korea's reason for aggression

  To destabilise Japan, Southeast Asia and the Philippines, and Europe
• How many UN Nations committed to aid for South Korea?

  29
• When was the first offensive, and where did the North advance to?

  June-September 1950, Pusan
• When was the counter-offensive at Incheon?

  September-November 1950
• When was the stabilisation of the war?

  December 1950-June 1951
• When was the war settled, and which 2 factors delayed the agreement?

  The Panmunjom armistice in July 1953 - Stalin being alive / Rhee wanting US dependence for containment.
• What was the purpose of McCarthy's pressure on the Truman administration?

  To influence its policies against communism
• Who were the key targets of McCarthy's witch hunt?

  State Department

  Democratic Party

  Film industry

  Universities
• Who led to the end of McCarthyism?

  Joseph Welch
• When was McCarthy officially condemned by the Senate?

  December 1954