GCSE PE paper 1

• Flexibility


  Range of movement at a joint
• Cardiovascular Endurance


  Ability to continuously exercise without tiring
• Balance


  Ability to keep a body's centre of mass over its base support
• Strength


  The ability of your muscles to exert a force.
• Coordination


  Ability to use different body parts together accurately and fluently
• Agility


  Ability to change direction with speed
• Power


  Combination of speed and strength
• Muscular Endurance


  Ability of a group of muscles to repeatedly contract without tiring
• Speed


  Ability of the body or parts of the body to move quickly
• Reaction Time


  The time taken to respond to a stimulus.
• Test for cardiovascular endurance

  12 minute cooper run
• Test for muscular endurance

  Abdominal curl test
• Test for speed


  30m sprint
• Test for strength


  Hand grip dynamometer test
• Test for power


  Vertical jump test
• Test for flexibility


  sit and reach
• Test for agility


  Illinois agility test
• Test for balance


  Standing stork test
• Test for coordination


  hand ball toss
• Test for reaction time

  Ruler drop test
• What is the function of red blood cells

  transport oxygen to all parts of the body to provide oxygen for movement
• Define vasodilation


  Muscles in the blood vessels relax, causing lumen to widen to enable increased blood flow
• What is diastole?


  Relaxation of the heart
• What is systole?


  Contraction of the heart
• What is the correct order of the cardiac system

  1. Deoxygenated blood returning from the body enters the right atrium

  2. Deoxygenated blood then enters the right atrium, as it fills it forces the tricuspid valve open and blood flows into the right ventricle

  3. Blood is then ejected out of the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery which takes blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The semi-lunar valves close to stop backflow into the ventricle

  4. Gaseous occurs at the lungs and the blood becomes oxygenated

  5. Oxygenated blood then passes through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium

  6. Blood fills the left atrium and forces the bicuspid valve open. Blood enters the left ventricle

  7. Blood is ejected out of the left ventricle via the aorta in order to deliver oxygen around the body
• What is heart rate?

  The number of times the heart beats per minute
• What is stroke volume?

  the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
• What is cardiac output?

  Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:

  cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volumne
• Define all parts of the heart

  Pulmonary Artery

  Pulmonary vein

  Right atrium

  Right ventricle

  Inferior vena cava

  Tricuspid valve

  Semi-lunar valves

  Septum

  Left ventricle

  Bicuspid valve

  Left atrium

  Pulmonary vein

  Pulmonary artery

  Aorta
• How is blood distributed around the body during exercise

  Blood goes around the body

  Delivers oxygen to working muscles

  Muscles that need oxygen the most receive it the most instead of other areas
• What is an artery?

  A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Describe the structure of arteries

  -thick muscle and elastic fibre walls

  -narrow lumen to maintain high blood pressure
• What is a capillary?


  Very tiny, branching blood vessel where gas exchange occurs.
• Describe the structure of capillaries

  - Thin walls - one cell thick

  - Short diffusion distance

  - Narrow lumen
• What is a vein?


  a vessel that carries Deoxygenated blood to the heart
• Describe the structure of a vein

  → thin walls as blood pressure is low

  → wide lumen (space inside)

  → valves to stop backflow (blood going backwards)
• Define respiration


  The transport of air from outside the body to cells inside the body
• What is breathing rate?

  number of breaths inspired (taken) per minute
• What is minute ventilation?


  The volume of gas inhaled and exhaled in a minute
• Equation for minute ventilation


  tidal volume x respiratory rate

  Vê = Vr x RR