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Allele
A form of a gene.
Alveoli
Tiny
sacs
in lungs that form the
gas exchange
surface.
Anther
Organ within a flower that produces pollen grains.
Aorta
Main artery that carries
oxygenated
blood
away
from the heart in mammals.
Artery
General name for a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Atria
Upper chambers
of the heart, which receive the
blood
from
veins.
Brain
Organ of the central nervous system of mammals where vital functions are coordinated.
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels with walls one-cell thick where exchange of materials occurs.
Cartilage
Flexible
tissue forming
C-shaped
rings in the
trachea
to keep the
airway
open.
CNS
Part of the
nervous system
made up of the
brain
and
spinal cord.
Cerebellum
Part of the brain that controls
balance
and
coordination
of movement.
Cerebrum
Large folded part of the brain that controls conscious responses,
memory
, thought, intelligence and
emotions.
Cilia
Hair-like structures lining the
trachea
that move
mucus
with trapped bacteria away from the lungs.
Coronary
Referring to the heart and
blood
vessels that serve the heart
tissues.
Digestion
Breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into
smaller
,
soluble
ones.
discontinuous
Alternative term for discrete variation
Discrete
Variation that is clear cut and observable as categories.
Dominant
Form of a gene that is expresses in the phenotype, whether homozygous or heterozygous.
Endocrine gland
Gland
that
produces
and
release
a
hormone
directly into the
blood.
family tree
Diagram
that shows the
inheritance
of a
genetic condition in
a
family
.
Fertilisation
The fusion of gametes.
Gamete
Sex cell containing the haploid chromosome number.
Genetic counselling
Medical procedure in which individuals can receive advice and information about an
inherited
condition.
Genotype
The
alleles
that an organism has for a
particular characteristic
, usually written as
symbols.
Glucagon
Hormone
produced by the
pancreas
, responsible for triggering the conversion of
glycogen
into
glucose
in the
liver.
Glycogen
Animal storage
carbohydrate located in the
liver
and
muscle
tissues.
Guard cells
Found on either side of a
stomata
; they control
gas exchange
in
leaves
by controlling
opening
and
closing
of the
stomata.
Haemoglobin
Pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen as
oxyhaemoglobin.
Heart
Muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.
Heterozygous
Describes a genotype in which the two alleles for the characteristic are different.
Homozygous
Describes a genotype in which the two alleles for the characteristic are the same.
Insulin
Hormone
produced by the
pancreas
that triggers the conversion of
glucose
into
glycogen
in the
liver.
Lacteal
Central vessel in the
villi
responsible for the
absorption
of
fats.
Lifestyle choice
Decisions on lifestyle that impact on an individual's health.
Lignin
Carbohydrate
material lining the
xylem
vessels and providing
strength
and
support.
Liver
Large organ with many important functions including a role in blood glucose control.
Lungs
Organs responsible for gas exchange in mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.
Lymph
Liquid
that
circulates
within a
mammal's body
,
transporting
the
products
of
fat digestion
from the
lacteals.
Medulla
Part of the brain controlling breathing, heart rate and peristalsis.
Meristem
Localised region of actively dividing cells in plants.
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