org syn p2

• what are drying agents?

  anhydrous salts such as MgSO4 and CaCl2

  they absorb water slowly to become hydrated

  add a few spatulas of the drying agent to the organic product
• how do you know when to stop adding drying agent?


  if the drying agent clumps together, add some more

  when the drying agent remains free-moving, the organic product is dry

  use gravity filtration and collect the filtrate (the dry organic product)
• what are synthetic routes?

  Methods or steps used to create a specific chemical compound
• how do you test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon functional group, ?

  unsaturated hydrocarbon: add a few drops of bromine water to sample and shake: bromine water decolourises
• how do you test for a haloalkane functional group?

  add silver nitrate, water, and ethanol

  white ppt= chloro-

  cream ppt= bromo-

  yellow ppt= iodo-
• how to test for carboxylic acid?

  universal indicator= PH of a weak acid