AQA GCSE Chemistry

• CO2

  Covalent bond
• HCl

  Covalent Bond
• H2

  Covalent bond
• Propene

  C3H6, Pro-: 3 CARBON ATOMS

  
• Methane

  CH4, Covalent Bond

  
• N2

  Covalent bond
• O2

  Covalent bond
• H2O

  Covalent Bond
• Butene

  C4H8, BUT-: 4 CARBON ATOMS

  
• Propane


  C3H8, Pro-: 3 CARBON ATOMS

  
• Solid


  (S) state symbol
• Aqueous


  (aq) state symbol, dissolved in water
• Gas

  (g) state symbol
• Liquid


  (l) state symbol
• Micrometre

  1 x 10-6 m
• Mole


  1 mol of a substance will have a mass in grams equal to its Ar/Mr, e.g. 1 mol of C = 12g - Ar(C) = 12
• Nanometre


  1 x 10-9 m
• Millimetre


  1 x 10-3 m
• Potassium reacting with water

  2K + 2H2O --> 2KOH + H2
• Potassium Reaction with Chlorine

  2K + Cl2 --> 2KCl
• Lithium reacting with water

  2Li + 2H2O --> 2LiOH + H2
• Lithium Reaction with Chlorine

  2Li + Cl2 --> 2LiCl
• Sodium Reacting with Water

  2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
• Sodium Reaction With Chlorine

  2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl
• 450ºC for the Haber Process is a compromise between max yield and speed of reaction
• Potassium Reaction with Oxygen

  4K + O2 --> 2K2O
• Lithium reacting with Oxygen

  4Li + O2 --> 2Li2O
• Sodium reaction with oxygen

  4Na + O2 --> 2Na2O
• A blast furnace is used to extract iron from its ore at high temperatures using carbon
• A formulation is a complex mixture designed as a useful product, e.g. food, paint, solvents, etc.
• A hypothesis is a proposal that could explain a fact or observation
• A hypothesis must be testable
• A mole contains 6.02x1023 atoms
• A molecule has any element chemically joined together, e.g. O2, I2
• A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a compound
• A solute is a chemical dissolved in a solvent
• According to collision theory, reactions can only occur when reacting particles collide with each other and collide with sufficient energy
• Acid + Metal

  Salt + Hydrogen
• Acid + Metal Carbonate

  Salt + Water + CO2
• Acid + Metal Hydroxide


  Salt + Water