Chapter 30

• what structure further processes chyme into a more liquid state?

  small intestines
• Food substances are absorbed into the bloodstream from the__on the walls of the small intestine?

  villi
• where is water, sodium & chlorides reabsobred?

  large intestines
• wavelike movement through the intestines?

  peristalsis
• how long does it take for food to move from the mouth to the anus?

  18-72 hrs
• intestinal waste material?

  feces
• where is feces stored?

  sigmoid colon
• what do the abdominal muscles do to help expel feces?

  contract
• the internal anal spincture is under __ control?

  involuntary
• the external anal sphincter at the end of the anal canal is controlled __?

  voluntary
• what reflex initiates peralistis?

  gastrocolic reflex
• Intra-abdominal pressure increases when a person holds the breath, closes the glottis, and tightens the abdominal muscles is called?

  valsalva
• most serious abnormality of stool?

  blood
• fresh blood in stool is what color?

  bright red
• what is suspected when the stool changes from a normal brown appearance to a dark black color with a sticky appearance?

  occult blood
• __ is a sign of recent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding that has occurred in the large intestine?


  bright red blood
• bright red blood indicates that the blood has not __?

  undergone digestion
• Pale white or light gray stool indicates an ?

  absence of bile in intestine
• Unusual amounts of mucus in the stool indicate __?

  irriation or inflammation of small intestine
• Stools with an abnormally high fat content areusually __?

  foul smelling & float
• The presence of purulent material indicates __?

  drainage from infected ulcer
• most common parasitic worms found in the intestines?

  pinworm, tapeworm, roundworm
• The first signs of colorectal cancer ?

  bowel pattern changes & stool characteristics
• beginning at age __, a colonoscopy is recommended every __ yrs?

  50, 10
• An absence or reduction of peristaltic movement of the bowel results in a?

  hypoactive bowel
• hypoactive bowel often resutlts from?

  immobility
• after abdominal surgery, patients can develop a?

  paralytic ileus
• drink at least __ oz fluids per day?

  8
• how often should you exercise to promote healthy bowel function?

  everyday
• what is excellent at stimulating bowel function?

  walking
• when is the gastrocolic relfex the strongest?

  after breakfast
• you should attempt to defecate during the __?

  same time everyday
• decreased frequency of bowel movement or passage of hard, dry feces?

  constipation
• __ is the most common problem of a hypoactive bowel?

  constipation
• Any patient restricted to bed rest is at risk for __?

  constipation
• older adults who live alone are more prone to constipation bc they usually eat more __?

  processed food
• what usually happens to older adults fluid intake? & why?

  decreased, urinary incontinence
• older adults should be assessed for __ bc it can contibute to constipation?

  polypharmacy
• when clients take medications such as metamucil & benefiber what must be taken with it to prevent constipation?

  large amounts of water
• what can help replace electroyltes in older adults with diarrhea?

  1-2 of gatorade