unit 3

• Culture


  Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
• Cultural Trait


  A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as clothing, food, language, traditions, values, customs, etc.
• Artifacts


  objects made by humans, often reflective of cultural beliefs
• Sociofacts


  ways people organize their society and relate to one another
• Mentifacts of culture


  The central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs (the slowest to change)
• Popular Culture


  cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population
• Traditional (folk) culture


  the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation
• Cultural Norms


  behavior patterns that are typical of specific groups
• Ethnocentrism


  Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
• Cultural Relativism


  the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
• Cultural Landscape


  the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
• Cultural Identity


  Ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect
• Sequent Occupance


  the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
• Ethnicity


  A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.
• Ethnic Neighborhoods


  an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background
• Traditional Architecture


  established building styles of different cultures, religions, and places
• Postmodern Architecture


  blends historical foundations with modern touches
• Religion


  a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
• Pilgrimage


  A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.
• Language


  our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
• Toponyms


  place names
• Gendered Spaces


  places that are considered male or female, or even gender neutral. Can be based on culture or imposed by the government

  Example: Restrooms, Indian Rail Cars, Retail Spaces and Stores, Gyms, Kitchens, Boardrooms, Workspaces, and Private Clubs
• Gender Identity


  An individual's sense of being a boy, girl, man, woman, etc.
• Safe Spaces


  a space of acceptance for people who are sometimes marginalized by society
• Gentrification


  A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
• Third Place


  a communal space where groups interact that is separate from home (first place) or work (second place)
• Sense of Place


  The feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character
• Placemaking


  the process of creating a comfortable personal environment that reflects the values, experiences, and tastes of the couple
• Dialect


  A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
• Adherent


  A follower of a person or idea
• Denomination


  subcategory or subgroup, usually related to religion
• Sect


  A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
• Centripetal Force


  An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
• Centrifugal Force


  a force that divides people and countries
• Expansion Diffusion


  The spread of a feature or trend among people that grows the number of people who exhibit that trait of belief
• Contagious Diffusion


  The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
• Hierarchical Diffusion


  the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
• Stimulus Diffusion


  a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.

  
  

  The old trait practiced in a new place leads it to change a bit. Ex. McDonald's menu in India doesn't have beef products
• Relocation Diffusion


  The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
• Lingua Franca


  A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages