organic chemistry

• homologous series

  -uniform chemical properties

  -gradual change in physical properties

  -prepared by similar methods

  -same general formula

  -same functional group

  -successive members differ by a CH<2 group
• functional group

  group of atoms on which the characteristics and properties of the compounds of a particular homologous series depend.
• saturated compounds

  compounds in which all the atoms are linked by single bonds. they undergo substitution reactions and contain tetrahedral carbons.
• unsaturated compounds

  compounds in which at least one bond is a double or triple bond. they undergo addition reactions and contain planar carbons.
• aliphatic compounds

  organic compounds which consist of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds that resemble them in chemical properties.
• aromatic compounds

  organic compounds which contain a six membered ring of carbon atoms - benzene ring
• alkane

  carbon carbon single bond
• alkene

  carbon carbon double bond
• alkyne

  carbon carbon triple bond
• alcohol

  o h
• aldehyde

  carbon double bond o h
• ketone

  carbon double bond o
• carboxylic acid

  carbon double bond o o h
• ester

  carbon double bond o o
• structural isomer


  compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
• fossil fuels


  formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions of years ago