BME 2

• Republic Act No. 9514 known as the "Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008" dictates that it's the State policy to ensure public safety & promote economic development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds of destructive fires
• Chapter 23, Section 2003 of the 2012 Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code stated that "An approved automatic sprinkler system in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations in accordance with the RA 9514, Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008"
• The 2012 PME Code specifies that buildings 55 Feet (16,764 mm) or more in height requires that automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings with a floor level having an occupant load of 300 or more above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access
• Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines are exempted provided: those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic fire alarm system, and separated from the remainder of the building by fire barriers consisting of not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling assemblies
• Assembly Occupancies


  • Bars with live entertainment
  • Dance halls, discoteques
  • Assembly occupancies with festival seating
  • Occupant load greater than 300 persons
• Every portion of educational buildings below the floor of exit discharge shall be protected with complete automatic sprinkler protection
• Any flexible building or open building in which the travel distance to exits exceeds forty six (46) meters shall have approved, supervised sprinkler systems
• Approved, supervised sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all hospitals, nursing homes, and residential-custodial care facilities
• All buildings classified as Use Condition II – V under the National Building Code shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system
• All buildings shall be protected throughout by an approved, supervised sprinkler system except in buildings where all guest sleeping rooms or guest suites have a door opening directly outside at the street or grade level or exterior exit access in buildings up to and including three (3) storeys in height
• Lift


  A type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other structure
• Lift


  • Generally powered by electric motors that either drive cables, hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack
• Basic terminologies


  • Elevator car
  • Machine beam
  • Machine room
  • Pit
  • Shaft
  • Counterweight or balance-weight
  • Traction drive
  • Trailing cable
  • Bottom clearance
  • Top clearance
  • Guide rails

  
• Passenger Lift


  A lift designed for the transport of passengers
• Goods Lift


  A lift designed primarily for the transport of goods but which may carry a lift attendant or other person necessary for the unloading and loading of goods
• Service Lift (Dumb-Waiter)


  A lift with a car which moves in guides in a vertical direction; has net floor area of 1 m2, total inside height of 1.25 m; and capacity not exceeding 250 kg; and is exclusively used for carrying materials and shall not carry any person
• Hospital Lift


  A lift normally installed in a hospital/dispensary/clinic and designed to accommodate one number bed/stretcher along its depth, with sufficient space around to carry a minimum of three attendants in addition to the lift operator
• Lift speed


  • Suitable speed - too fast will result in a nervous breakdown to the user, if too slow will cause lack of function
• Basic requirements


  • Electrical panels and power outlets
  • Ventilation fan and lighting in engine room
  • Power sockets in the lift pit
  • Maintenance works
• Physical requirements


  • Size of lift shaft - depends on lift cargo capacity
  • Depth of lift shaft - depends on the speed of elevator
  • Area of space in lift - depends on speed of elevators
  • Mechanical room size - depends on type and size of the lift equipment
• Approved and supervised automatic sprinkler system protection shall be provided for mercantile occupancies as follows: Throughout all mercantile occupancies three or more storeys in height OR exceeding 1,115 m2 in total floor area, and Floor area exceeding 232 m2 when used for the sale, storage or handling of combustible goods and merchandise
• Hydraulic lifts


  Lift whose lifting is based on Pascal's Principle - the pressure given to liquid in closed chamber will be continued by the liquid to every direction with uniform and the same magnitude
• Components of hydraulic lifts

  • Tank
  • Motor
  • Valve
  • Actuator
• Hydraulic lifts


  • Lower cost of equipment & maintenance than traction lifts (twice)
  • More efficient building space utilization than tractions
  • Most effective for high load capacity requirements, that is why it is highly used for freight, automobile elevators
  • Imposes no vertical loads on the building structure, so column sizes can be reduced significantly in the hoistway area

  
• Hydraulic lifts


  • Performance becomes erratic as the oil in the system varies in temperature
  • No safety device to prevent its falling, depends wholly on the pressure
  • Inherently high heat producing device
• Traction Lifts (Machine lifts)

  Lift whose lifting is based on the see-saw principle - the car is raised and lowered by traction steel ropes rather than pushed from below
• Components of traction lifts

  • Control system
  • Electric Motor
  • Sheave
  • Counter weight
  • Guiding rail
• Traction lifts


  • Typically, the sheave, the motor and the control system are all housed in a machine room above the elevator shaft
  • The ropes that lift the car are also connected to a counterweight, which hangs on the other side of the sheave
  • The counterweight and the car are perfectly balanced, so the motor only has to overcome friction
• Requirements for machine room

  • The entrance door shall have sufficient opening to allow for in & out of machines
  • Shall not be any common wall/slab between machine room and water tank
  • Shall not be used as a store room or for any purpose other than housing the machinery connected with the lift installation
  • Shall not act as a passage to any other room or utility
  • Adequately ventilated
  • Shall be such that the equipments are protected as far as possible from dust and humidity
  • Temperature 5 deg C – 40 deg C
  • Walls, ceiling, floor should be finished in tiles or painted as a min to stop dust circulation
• Environmental requirements for lift equipment

  • Protected as far as possible from dust and humidity
  • Temperature 5 deg C – 40 deg C
  • Walls, ceiling, floor should be finished in tiles or painted as a min to stop dust circulation
• Traction lift


  Lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor above the elevator shaft
• Hydraulic lift


  Supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the piston

  
• Differences between Traction and Hydraulic lifts

  • Traction: used for mid and high-rise applications, much higher travel speed
  • Hydraulic: used for low-rise applications of 2-8 stories, Principle: Pascal's pressure principle
• Traction lift


  • Components: control system, sheave, motor, counterweight, guiding rail
  • Machine room located at the uppermost level, i.e., on the terrace

  
• Hydraulic lift


  • Components: tank, motor, valve, actuator
  • Machine room located at the lowest level adjacent to the elevator shaft

  
• Types of lifts


  • Passenger lifts
  • Goods/Freight lifts
  • Vehicle lifts
  • Dumbwaiter lifts
  • Scissor lifts
• Passenger lifts


  Designed to move people between floors of a building, capacity related to available floor space, speed 1m/s for up to 8-10 floors, 2.5 m/s to 10 m/s for above 10 floors
• Types of passenger elevators

  • Sky lobbies
  • Express elevators
• Applications of passenger lifts

  • Hospital
  • Residential
  • Hotel
  • Office
  • Institution
• Dimensions for passenger lifts

  • Min. to Max. dimensions for Hospital lifts
  • Min. to Max. dimensions for Passenger lifts (mainly for Hotels)