ENGLISH

• Research


  The scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts that lines an individual's speculation with reality
• Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories
• Research procedure


  1. Systematic and well-planned

  2. To meet the need

  3. To acquire information

  4. To evaluate accuracy and effectiveness
• Inquiry


  • A term that is synonymous with the word 'investigation'
  • Asking questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge
• Research


  • Organized and objective creation of knowledge
  • Systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method)
  • Objective (no bias, all angles presented)
  • Knowledge creation (a creative process)
• Research


  The scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts that lines an individual's speculation with reality
• Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories
• Research procedure


  1. Systematic and well-planned

  2. To meet the need

  3. To acquire information

  4. To evaluate accuracy and effectiveness
• Inquiry


  • A term synonymous with 'investigation'
  • Asking questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge
• Research


  • Organized and objective creation of knowledge
  • Systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method)
  • Objective (no bias, all angles presented)
  • Knowledge creation (a creative process)
• Abstract


  Summarizes all sections and helps the readers decide whether or not to read the entire report
• Problem


  • A statement clarifying what the research is all about
  • States the general problem and the specific statements of the problem in question form
  • The targets of the researcher to be given answers as results of the study
• Background of study


  • Provides the reason why a researcher has to make a certain study
  • Serves as a bridge that connects a present situation to the present study
• Scope and limitation


  • Provides the reader the boundaries as to where the study is to be covered
  • States a specific place, event, or people under study
• Literature review


  Provides a review of studies, published or unpublished, that others have written or researched on concerning a topic under study
• Research


  The scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts that lines an individual's speculation with reality
• Hypothesis


  A tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical and empirical consequences
• Methodology


  • Presents and explains how the research is conducted
  • Includes how data would be gathered, interpreted, and analyzed
• Results


  The final data gathered by the researcher which is analyzed and interpreted, or treated statistically
• Data


  The information gathered from the participants or correspondents
• Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories
• Analysis


  The discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of the results of the research
• Conclusion


  • Provides a comprehensive summary of the research
  • Usually based on the results or data
• Research procedure


  1. Systematic and well-planned

  2. To meet the need

  3. To acquire information

  4. To evaluate accuracy and effectiveness
• Recommendation


  • Borne out of the results of a study
  • The only part of research which the researcher claims to be their own
• Appendix


  Contains related information such as graphs, charts, tables, and lists
• Inquiry


  • A term synonymous with 'investigation'
  • Asking questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge
• Research


  • Organized and objective creation of knowledge
  • Systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method)
  • Objective (no bias, all angles presented)
  • Knowledge creation (a creative process)
• Research Instrument


  • The questionnaire or set of questions asked to gather information in a survey
  • Can also mean the observation and interview protocol prepared by a researcher before conducting interview and observation
• Abstract


  Summarizes all sections and helps the readers decide whether or not to read the entire report
• Correspondence or participants


  The research participants who will be the subject of the study, or participants who will be the source of data for research
• Significance of the study

  Shows the benefits of the study to address issues and problems, improve economic and health conditions, or find solutions to problems encountered in daily life
• Definition


  A statement that explains and/or describes the meaning of a word or phrase in a clear, complete, and exact manner
• Technical definition


  A general meaning of the word or term
• Types of technical definition

  • Parenthetical definitions (using a more familiar synonym in parenthesis)
  • Sentence definitions (more complex terms may need a sentence definition, which may be more than one sentence)
• Operational definition


  • How the term is applied or used in the research
  • The researcher formulates the meaning of the term which is objectively anchored on the technical definition
• Extended definition


  • One or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term
  • Provides clearer and additional information of a term or word
• Ways to extend definition

  • Etymology (explaining the origin of the word itself)
  • History (if relevant, discussing the history of the term/its use/controversies associated with it)
  • Cause and effect (discussing how the situation came about and what effects it may have)
  • Description (how a term or phrase defined looks like visually and anatomically)
  • Principles of operation (discussing how topic in a statement or question functions, including any special materials or conditions required)
  • Classification (showing how the topic fits into a larger category)
  • Contrast/Negation (showing how the topic differs from others in the same class)
  • Comparison (showing how the topic is similar to others in the class)
  • Analogy (explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics, where the second is familiar to the audience)
  • Examples (providing examples to the word being described gives extended meaning)
  • Illustration (provide a picture or images that is used to clarify a text)
• Coherent writing


  • One best way to extend definition of words is the application of coherence in writing
  • Sentences and ideas must blend so the reader will have an easy time following what the writer wants to put across
• Cohesive devices for coherent writing

  • Repetition of key term or phrase (to focus on ideas and keep the reader on track)
  • Synonyms (to provide variety in word choices and help the reader stay focused on the idea being discussed)
  • Pronouns (to refer back to something previously mentioned, ensuring clarity)
  • Transitional words (to cue readers to relationships between sentences, joining them together)