BLOOD CHEM

• Used to diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver, impaired nutrition, chronic edema, and cancer.


  ALBUMIN
• Normal Range of Albumin

  35-50 g/L
• Protein that is made in the liver


  ALBUMIN
• Edema in abdomen

  ASCITES
• Proteinuria - Albumin _______


  DECREASES
• • used to check liver and kidney function
  • find out if diet contains enough protein
  • helps determine cause of edema to extremities, abdomen


  ALBUMIN
• Enzymes that breakdowns complex carbohydrates into simpler sugar

  AMYLASE
• Used to diagnose or treat diseases in the pancreas


  AMYLASE
• produced by the pancreas, salivary glands, and liver and is excreted by the kidneys


  AMYLASE
• Pancreatitis - Serum Amylase ______


  INCREASES
• • diagnose pancreatic disease
  • see if treatment for pancreatic disease is working
  • diagnose client with acute abdominal pain


  AMYLASE
• Normal Range of Amylase

  Serum Amylase: < 160 U/L

  Urine Amylase: 2-34 U/hr
• Used in the evaluation of clients with suspected hepatocellular diseases


  ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE
• liver enzyme


  ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE
• Normal Range of Aspartate Transaminase

  Adult: 0-35 U/L
• Enzyme found in very high concentrations with highly metabolic tissue (heart muscle, liver cells, skeletal muscle cells) and to a lesser degree, in the kidneys, pancreas, and red blood cells

  ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE
• Hepatic Damage - AST ______

  INCREASES
• amount of AST elevation is related directly to the number of cells affected by the disease or injury


  AST elevation
• used to detect disease such as acute hepatitis, gallstone, cirrhosis, liver congestion, metastatic tumour of the liver, infectious mononucleosis, acute pancreatitis, acute renal disease, musculoskeletal diseases or trauma


  ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE
• Normal Range of Blood Urea Nitrogen

  3.6 - 7.1 mmol/L
• Used to see how well kidneys are working, to see if kidney treatment is working, and to check for severe dehydration


  BLOOD UREA NITROGEN
• Product of protein metabolism


  UREA
• Made when protein is broken down


  UREA
• Made in the liver and excreted by the kidney


  UREA
• Renal Failure - BUN ______

  INCREASES
• Normal Range of Creatine Kinase

  Male: 55 - 170 U/L

  Female: 30 - 135 U/L
• used to support diagnosis of myocardial infarction or skeletal muscle disease


  CREATINE KINASE
• found in the cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and brain


  CREATINE KINASE
• Muscle/Nerve Cells injured - CK ______

  INCREASES
• Normal Range of Creatinine

  Male: 53 - 106 mcmol/L

  Female: 44 - 97 mcmol/L
• usually performed along with BUN to investigate liver and kidney function

  CREATININE
• by-product formed by the breakdown of muscle creatine phosphate

  CREATININE
• Creatinine is filtered by the GLOMERULUS and excreted in the URINE


  GLOMERULUS ; URINE
• Best measure of Renal Function

  CREATININE
• Normal Range of Glucose

  Fasting Blood: 4.0 - 7.0 mmol/L

  Random Glucose: < 7.0 mmol/L
• used for person with diabetes taking oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin

  GLUCOSE
• Used to check for diabetes, monitor treatment of diabetes

  GLUCOSE
• Normal Range of Potassium

  3.50 - 5.0 mmol/L
• • routine blood test that checks for cardiac and muscle function
  • used to diagnose disease in conjunction with sodium

  POTASSIUM
• Is Potassium intracellular or extracellular

  INTRACELLULAR