2nd quarter

• The research design states to the whole approach that you decide on to add the different components of the study coherently and logically, thereby, ensuring you will effectively addess the research problem;
• research design

  it consitutes the blueprint for the collection, meausrement, and analysis of data.
• Qualitative Research: A systematic subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. To gain insight; explore the depth, richness, and complexity inherent in the phenomenon.
• Ethnography - you immerse yourself in the target participants’ environment to understand the goals, cultures, challenges, motivations, and themes that emerge.
• Narrative - weaves together a sequence of events, usually from just one or two individuals to form a cohesive story.
• Phenomenological - is an appropriate qualitative method when you want to describe an event, activity, or phenomenon.
• Case Study - a way of explaining an organization, entity, company, or event which involves a deep understanding through multiple types of data sources.
• Quantitative Research: An objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through the use of computational techniques. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping that the numbers yield unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger population and explain a particular observation.
• Survey Research - uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with intense precision.
• Correlational Research - tests for the relationships between two variables
• Causal-comparative - research looks to uncover a cause-and-effect relationship. This research is not conducted between the two groups on each other
• Experimental Research - is guided specifically by a hypothesis
• Population Persons who have been invited to participate in a particular study and have taken part in the study
• Random Sampling is a technique that uses randomization to make sure that every element of the population gets an equal chance to be part of the selected sample.
• Stratified Sampling is a technique that divides the elements of the population into small subgroups (strata) based on the similarity in s uch a way that the elements within the group are homogeneous and heterogeneous among the other subgroups formed.
• Convenience Sampling where the samples are selected based on availability
• Purposive Sampling is based on the intention or the purpose of the study.
• Quota Sampling, this type of sampling depends on some pre-set standard. It selects the representative sample from the population.
• Referral/Snowball Sampling is used in situations where the population is completely unknown and rare.
• Data analysis is a way of simplifying numerous and wordy data to a meaningful story and interpreting it to arrive at an insight to behold. It is a process of converting a multitude of data into a smaller group of sensible data.
• Qualitative data analysis usually involves texts, phrases, images, objects, and sometimes symbols.
• quantitative data analysis involves numbers and statistics. Statistical analysis is the core of quantitative analysis
• common inferential methods

  1. T-Tests
  2. ANOVA
  3. Correlation Analysis
  4. Regression Analysis
• . A recommendation is commonly known as the section where you can give suggestions on the matters relative to your research that must be improved
• Recommendations must be brief
• Recommendations should be clear
• Recommendations must be precise.
• A research report is composed of five (5) integral parts, namely:

  The Introduction, Review of Related Literature, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations.
• Introduction

  must contain an explanation regarding the reason for the conduct of the study. It must also have the research framework, statement of the problem and objectives, the significance of the study, and scope and limitations.
• Review of Related Literature This chapter focuses on presenting relevant information regarding the topic. Citing the references appropriately is a must in this section
• Methodology Information found in a research methodology is commonly the research design, research respondents, setting, the research method, and the analysis procedure.
• ) Results and Discussion This chapter holds the findings of the study and the discussion for each finding
• the summary of the research paper gives brief information about the research problems, methodology, and findings. The conclusion, on the other hand, gives provides direct answers to the research problems. Recommendations prioritize the suggestions that can lead to the improvement of the study
• research reports are defined as written documents that discuss a certain issue or topic. It is a document that holds all the information about a research study from its introduction down to the recommendations
• Brief Presentation: This is the visual version of your paper. Your presentation should include a short introduction, your hypotheses, a brief description of the methods, tables, and/or graphs related to your findings, and an interpretation of your data.
• The presentations should not be more than 10 minutes long. It is not much time though. Consider planning about 1 minute per slide. The trick to giving a better presentation is simplifying your information down into bulleted, diagrams, tables, and graphs. Do not rush while presenting
• Title slide (1 slide). It will contain the title of your paper. If the research is in a group, list the name of all the members, your class and section, school, and the date of presentation.
• Introduction (typically 3-4 slides). Explain why your work is interesting. This part tells the context of the study. Using pictures is a plus factor to attract audience excitement and attention about the issue and questions you are addressing. Clearly state your hypotheses
• Materials and Methods (typically 2-3 slides). This is a clear summary of the design. Show a picture of your respondents and justify why they are appropriate for addressing the questions mentioned above. Show a picture of the venue/ laboratory set-up or some person doing some work or activity related to your study.
• Results (typically 2-4 slides). You may show a photograph that shows an interesting qualitative result and state the results. Graphical presentation of results reminds the audience of your hypothesis. A simple and clean graph with a complete label is more reliable.