Science

• is a component present in food that is used by living beings to perform bodily functions and survive

  nutrient
• provide a large amount of energy that is required for an organism to conduct its metabolic activity

  macronutrients
• used by the body to build and repair tissues and to regulate body processes

  micronutrients
• step by step of process of nutrition

  Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion
• Intake of food

  Ingestion
• breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed

  Digestion
• process of ABSORBING food in the form of nutrients into the bloodstream

  Absorption
• process of nutrients being absorbed by each cell of body in the form of energy

  Assimilation
• removal of undigested food

  Egestion
• It is responsible for processing ingested foods and liquids.

  Digestive System
• 6 parts of digestive system:

  Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum and Anus
• -plays an important role in eating, drinking, and breathing.

  -also helps in chewing and biting food

  Mouth
• muscular tube that connects the stomach to the back of the throat.

  Esophagus
• breaks down food into smaller, simpler molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

  Stomach
• helps clear toxic substances such as drugs and alcohol from the bloodstream

  Liver
• a pear-shaped, hollow structure located under the liver and on the right side of the abdomen.

  Gallbladder
• contains exocrine glands that produce enzymes important to digestion

  pancreas
• it is the region where most digestion and absorption of food takes place.

  small intestine
• what are the 3 parts of small intestine?

  duodenum, jejunum, ileum
• re-absorption of water and salts. Compaction of intestinal contents into feces (poop)

  Large intestine
• finger-shaped pouch attached to the cecum

  appendix
• parts of large intestine:

  cecum, colon, rectum
• the last part of digestive system

  anus
• what are the 2 types of cell division?

  Mitosis and Meiosis
• what are gametes?

  sex cells
• -also called body cells

  -has 46 chromosomes

  -not pass on to children

  Somatic cells
• -46

  -two sets of each chromosome

  Diploid
• half

  23

  Haploid
• what are the 4 phases of Mitosis?

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• How many daughter cells does Mitosis have?

  2
• how many daughter cells does Meiosis have?

  4
• process by which a single cell divides into 2 or more daughter cells

  Cell Division
• process by a which single cell divides into two identical daughter cells

  Mitosis
• reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces gamete cells

  Meiosis
• the centrosome move to the opposite poles of the cell

  Prophase
• the chromosome align in the center of the cell.

  Metaphase
• the chromatids separate and move to the opposite ends of the cell

  Anaphase
• the cell begins to divide

  Telophase
• The cytoplasm of the parent cell splits to form two identical daughter cells.

  Cytokinesis
• What are the phases of Meiosis

  Meiosis 1: Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1. Meiosis 2: Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2