bio chap 5 ( photo and cellular)

• Autotrophs Organisms making own energy from inorganic molecules
• Photoautotrophs Organisms using light energy to make complex molecules
• Chemoautotrophs Organisms converting CO2 or methane into organic matter
• Heterotrophs Organisms obtaining energy from other organisms
• Photosynthesis Process converting light energy to chemical energy in plants
• Chlorophyll Pigment capturing sunlight in photosynthesis
• Stomata Openings allowing CO2 entry in leaves and oxygen to leave
• Thylakoid Membranous structure in chloroplasts where light reactions occur
• Grana Stacks of flattened discs in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
• NADP Molecule accepting H+ ions in light reactions
• ATPase Enzyme catalyzing ADP + Pi to ATP conversion
• Calvin-Benson Cycle Light-independent reaction converting CO2 to glucose
• Types of organisms


  • Autotrophs
  • Photoautotrophs
  • Chemoautotrophs
  • Heterotrophs
• Autotrophs


  Organisms making own energy from inorganic molecules
• Photoautotrophs


  Organisms using light energy to make complex molecules
• Chemoautotrophs


  Organisms converting CO2 or methane into organic matter
• Heterotrophs


  Organisms obtaining energy from other organisms
• Photosynthesis


  Process converting light energy to chemical energy in plants
• Chlorophyll


  Pigment capturing sunlight in photosynthesis
• Stomata


  Openings allowing CO2 entry in leaves and oxygen to leave
• Thylakoid


  Membranous structure in chloroplasts where light reactions occur
• Grana


  Stacks of flattened discs in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
• NADP


  Molecule accepting H+ ions in light reactions
• ATPase


  Enzyme catalyzing ADP + Pi to ATP conversion
• Calvin-Benson Cycle


  Light-independent reaction converting CO2 to glucose
• G3P


  Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate formed in Calvin cycle
• Mesophyll Cells


  Cells where CO2 is fixed in C4 plants
• Bundle Sheath Cells


  Cells where Calvin cycle occurs in C4 plants
• CAM Plants


  Plants fixing CO2 at night and storing it for day use
• Photorespiration


  Process reduced in CAM plants due to stomata opening at night
• Light Saturation Point


  Level where photosynthesis rate levels off due to excess ATP & NADPH
• Krebs Cycle


  Second stage of aerobic respiration in mitochondria
• Electron Transport Chain


  Third stage of aerobic respiration in mitochondrial cristae
• Glycolysis


  First stage of cellular respiration in cytosol, producing 2 ATP
• Acetyl Coenzyme A


  Intermediate product in Krebs Cycle from pyruvate
• ATP Synthase


  Enzyme producing ATP in electron transport chain
• Mitochondria


  Organelle where ATP is produced in eukaryotic cells
• Catabolic reaction


  Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules that release energy
• Anabolic reaction


  The joint collection of smaller molecules to create a complex molecule that requires energy
• Chloroplast


  Converts CO2 into energy compounds (glucose) through a process called carbon fixation