immuno (finals)

• the body's action plan devised to combat invading organisms or substances by leukocyte and antibody activity, how your body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and harmful

  immune response
• any foreign substance (molecule) capable of stimulating an immune response, include toxins, chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or other substances that come from outside the body, body tissues and cells, including cancer cells, also have these on them that can cause an immune response

  antigens
• When an invading pathogen does get through this body's barrier, the process of this (destruction of invaders) begins, it is a vital mechanism for maintaining immune function and preventing infections, these are such as neutrophils and macrophages, are responsible for carrying out this process and play a crucial role in the body's immune response

  phagocytosis
• (mature white blood cells) engulf, ingest, and neutralize the pathogen, type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells

  macrophages
• If, during the immune response, mediating substances are released that cause tissue injury and allergic symptoms/reactions, the antigen is termed as this

  allergen
• also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, such as a virus or bacteria. These proteins identify and neutralize the foreign substance, helping to protect the body from harmful infections and diseases. There are five classes of it: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Each class has a different function in the immune system


  immunoglobulins
• develops into plasma cells and memory cells

  when exposed to antigens, mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies, which are specialized proteins that can bind to specific antigens on the surface of pathogens. Once an antibody binds to an antigen, it marks the pathogen for destruction by other immune cells, includes humoral immunity

  B lymphocytes
• what kind of immunity produces antibodies to neutralize pathogens in the body fluids, main players are b lymphocytes and antibodies, protects against bacterial and viral infections, plays a role in antibody based vaccines.

  humoral immunity
• are produced by the bone marrow but mature under the influence of the thymus gland, When mature, leave the thymus to enter specific body regions (thymus-dependent zones), mostly in the lymph nodes and spleen; there, they react specifically to viruses,

  fungi, and parasites but have an effect on all antigens. includes cell mediated immunity


  T lymphocytes
• directly targets and destroys infected cells or pathogens, main player is T lymphocytes, protects against intracellular pathogens like viruses and fungi, helps eliminate infected cells and cancer cells.


  cell mediated immunity
• 3 types of T lymphocytes


  suppressor t cells, helper t cells, cytotoxic (killer) t cells
• are T lymphocytes

  that have the specific feature of binding to the surface of antigens and directly destroying the cell membrane and therefore the cell (phagocytes)

  cytotoxic (killer) t cells