BLOOD

• The blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes).
• ERYTHROCYTE (red blood cells)

  LIFE SPAN: 120 days

  APPERANCE: 8um diameter, 1-2um thin & thick, biconcave/round shaped, pink/solid dark gray, non-nucleated, bend

  FUNCTION: Transport Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide. Bound to hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin & carboxyhemoglobin)
• THROMBOCYTE (platelets)

  LIFE SPAN: 10 days

  APPERANCE: 2-3um, non-nucleated, small clusters

  FUNCTION: Initiate blood clots to stop bleeding
• LEUKOCYTES (white blood cells)

  TWO CLASSIFICATION:

  GRANULOCYTES: Neutrophil (~60%), Eosinophil (~4%), Basophil (<1%)

  AGRANULOCYTES: Lymphocyte (~27%), Monocyte (~8%)
• PERCENTAGE OF BLOOD COMPONENTS

  PLASMA 54%

  BUFFY COAT 46%

  RBC 45%
• NEUTROPHIL (polymorphonuclear leukocyte)


  SPECIFIC GRANULES

  Type IV Collagenase

  Lactoferrin

  Phospholipase A2

  Lysozyme

  NON-SPCIFIC GRANULES(azurophilic granules; lysosomes)

  Lysozyme

  Acid Hydrolase

  Myeloperoxidase

  Elastase
• NEUTROPHIL

  LIFE SPAN: < 1 week

  APPERANCE: 9-12um, multilobed nucleus

  FUNCTION: Antibacterial
• EOSINOPHIL

  SPECIFIC GRANULES

  Major Basic Protein

  Eosinophilic Catinoic Protein

  Neurotoxin

  Histaminase

  NON-SPCIFIC GRANULES

  Lysozyme

  Acid Hydrolase

  Myeloperoxidase

  Elastase
• EOSINOPHIL

  LIFE SPAN: < 2 week

  APPEARANCE: 10-14um, bilobed nucleus, pink/red granules (LM), dark crystalloid (TEM)

  FUNCTION: Anti-parasitic activity, Mediators of Inflammatory/Allergic Responses in tissue
• BASOPHIL

  SPECIFIC GRANULES

  Histamine

  Heparin

  Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor

  Phospholipids for synthesis of leukotrienes

  NON-SPCIFIC GRANULES

  Lysozyme

  Acid Hydrolase

  Myeloperoxidase

  Elastase
• BASOPHIL

  LIFE SPAN: 1-2 years

  APPEARANCE: 8-10um, bilobed nucleus, purple/black nucleus, large, U-shaped/J-shaped (unilobed)

  FUNCTION: Allergies and Anaphylaxis
• LYMPHOCYTE

  LIFE SPAN: few days to several years

  APPEARANCE: 8um (small;abundant), 15um (large), round& dense, pale blue

  FUNCTION: Cellular and Humoral Immunity
• LYMPHOCYTE

  TWO TYPES:

  B-Lymphocyte (B-cells)

  Becomes Memory Cells

  
  

  T-lymphocyte (T-cells)

  Cytotoxic T-cells

  Helper T-cells
• MONOCYTE

  LIFE SPAN: few days in blood ; several months in CT

  APPEARANCE: 16um (largest), eccentric nucleus, oval/horseshoe/U-shaped/bean shaped/kidney shaped, pale grayish

  FUNCTION: migrate into tissue and constitute mononuclear phagocyte system that help destroy foreign bodies and maintain or remodel tissues and mediate inflammatory response
• Tissue Macrophage

  Kupffer Cell (liver)

  Osteoclast (bone)

  Dust Cell (lungs)

  Microglia (brain)

  ANTIGEN: Dendritic cell & Langerhans cell
• WBC TYPE

  NEUTROPHIL

  
• WBC TYPE

  EOSINOPHIL

  
• WBC TYPE

  BASOPHIL

  
• WBC TYPE

  LYMPHOCYTE

  A)

  
• WBC TYPE

  MONOCYTE

  
• BLOOD COMPONENT

  ERYTHROCYTE (RBC)

  
• BLOOD COMPONENT

  THROMBOCYTE (PLATELETS)