IMMUNOLOGY

• Phagocytic Cells

  • Agranulocytes
  • Granulocytes
• Agranulocytes

  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
• Granulocytes

  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils
• Normal Leukocyte Counts

  • Neutrophils (60-70)
  • Lymphocytes (20-40)
  • Monocytes (3-10)
  • Eosinophils (1-4)
  • Basophils ( = 1)
• Elevated Neutrophil count

  Bacterial infection
• Elevated Lymphocyte count

  Viral infection
• Elevated Monocyte count

  Acute infection
• Elevated Macrophage count

  Chronic infection
• Elevated Eosinophil count

  Parasitic infection, allergies
• Elevated Basophil count

  Allergies
• Natural Killer Cells


  Also initiated in adaptive immunity
• Cardinal Signs

  • Red (rubor)
  • Heat (calor)
  • Swelling (tumor)
  • Pain (dolor)
  • Loss of function (functio laesa)
• Fever

  Systemic response
• Benefits of Fever

  IL-1 stimulates production of T-Cells
• Interferons

  Play a key role against virus infections and intracellular microorganisms → Rickettsia spp.
• Adaptive Immunity

  Has immunologic memory
• Types of Adaptive Immunity

  • Passive (short-term)
  • Active (long-term)
• T-Cells

  Helper of CD4 T-cell which is the primary target of HIV
• Hypersensitivity Reaction Type II

  Cytotoxic Reaction – blood dyscrasias
• Q in fever means query
• White Plague / Consumption – Tuberculosis