Nabaa

• Medical terminology


  The study of terms that are used in the art and science of medicine
• Medical terminology is a specialized language with its origin arising from the Greek influence on medicine
• Fundamental elements in medical terminology


  • Prefix (P)
  • Root (R)
  • Combining form (CF)
  • Suffix (S)
• Prefix


  A syllable or a group of syllables fixed before or to the beginning of a word to alter or modify its meaning or to create a new word
• Root


  A word or word element from which other words are formed, conveying the central meaning of the word and forming the base to which prefixes and suffixes are attached
• Combining form


  A word root to which a vowel has been added, linking the root to the suffix or another root
• Suffix


  A syllable or group of syllables united with or placed at the end of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the word or to create a new word
• Word roots and combining forms, together with their definitions, are included in each chapter according to the cell, tissue, organ, system, or element they describe
• This arrangement makes it possible for you to form associations between medical terms and the various body systems
• The text provides a general anatomy and physiology overview for each of the body systems to reinforce the learning process
• Medical words of Greek origin are often difficult to spell because many of them begin with a silent letter or have a silent letter within the word
• Correct spelling is extremely important in medical terminology because the addition or omission of a single letter can change the meaning of a word to something entirely different

  
• Prefixes and suffixes that are frequently misspelled


  • (not provided in the source material)
• Building and spelling medical words

  1. If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel from the combining form and add the suffix

  2. If the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the combining vowel and add the suffix to the combining form

  3. Keep the combining vowel between two or more roots in a term
• Rule Reminder is a feature designed to draw attention to terms in the Building Your Medical Vocabulary sections that follow specific rules
• Singular to plural endings


  • (not provided in the source material)
• Abbreviation


  A process of shortening a word or phrase into appropriate letters, used as a form of communication in writing and documenting data
• The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and The Joint Commission (TJC) developed a list of abbreviations considered to be dangerous because of the potential for misinterpretation
• It is recommended that facilities using abbreviations for documentation keep a list of approved and unapproved abbreviations on hand and readily accessible
• Many abbreviations have more than one meaning, so it is essential to use or translate the correct meaning for the abbreviation being used
• Acronym


  A word formed by the combining of initial letters, or syllables and letters, of a series of words or a compound term, that can be pronounced as a word
• Initialism


  An abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a series of words or a compound term, but not pronounced as a word
• Pronunciation of medical words is very important to convey their correct meanings, as one mispronounced syllable can change the meaning of a medical word

  
• The provided guide will help to pronounce each medical word in the text correctly

  
• Sound Waves


  Longitudinal waves that pass through any solid, liquid or gas medium

  
• Classification of sound waves

  • Infrasound
  • Sound
  • Ultrasound

  
• Infrasound


  • < 20 Hz
  • Not audible
  • Headaches and physiological disturbances
• Sound


  • 20 ~ 20,000 Hz
  • Audible

  
• Ultrasound


  • > 20 kHz
  • Not audible
  • Medical imaging, blood flow measurements, etc.
• General Properties of Sound

  • Mechanical disturbance or vibration in a gas, liquid, or solid
  • Travels from a source with some definite velocity
  • Vibration local increase (compression) or decrease (rarefaction) of pressure relative to atmospheric pressure
  • Longitudinal wave: pressure changes in the same direction as wave
  • Compression and rarefaction: density changes by displacements of atoms and Molecules
• Frequency (f)


  Vibration of the sound wave

  
• Wavelength (λ)


  Of the sound wave

  
• Velocity (v)


  Of the sound wave
• Frequency (f), Wavelength (λ), Velocity (v)

  v = fλ

  
• Intensity (I)


  Energy passing through 1 m2/sec
• Density (ρ)


  Of the medium
• Velocity (v)


  Of sound
• Frequency (f)


  Of the sound wave

  
• Angular frequency (ω)


  ω = 2πf
• Amplitude (A)


  Maximum displacement of atoms or molecules from equilibrium position