Medicine

• Medieval Period


  13th Century & 14th Century

  1250-1500
• Renaissance Period


  15th Century & 16th Century

  1500-1750
• Industrial Period 


  18th & 19th Century 1750-1900
• Modern Period


  20th Century & 21st Century

  1900-
• Causes

  1250-1500


  (Medieval)

  Four Humours

  Position of Planets

  Punishment from God

  Miasma
• Causes 1500-1750


  (Renaissance)

  Miasma

  Position of planets

  Four Humours
• Causes 1900-

  (Modern)

  Viruses

  Genetics/DNA

  Lifestyle

  Dirty water
• Treatment 1250-1500

  (Medieval)

  Bleeding

  Purging

  Prayer

  Theory of Opposites

  Herbal remedies

  Surgery
• Causes 1500-1750

  (Renaissance)

  Miasma

  Punishment from God

  Position of planets

  Four Humours
• Treatment 1750-1900


  (Industrial)

  Germ Theory

  Lifestyle

  Dirty Water

  Miasma (not as much)

  Four humours (not as much)
• Causes 1900-

  (Modern)

  Viruses

  Genetics/DNA

  Lifestyle

  Dirty water
• Prevention 1250-1500


  (Medieval)

  Bleeding

  Purging

  Pilgramages

  Prayer

  Self-flagellation

  Good smells

  Quarantine
• Prevention 1500-1750


  (Renaissance)

  Purging

  Good smells

  Quarantine

  Prayer

  Bleeding

  Pilgramages
• Prevention 1750-1900

  (Industrial) Carbolic acid

  Vaccination

  Public Health Act 1848

  Public Health Act 1875

  Quarantine

  Good smells
• Prevention 1900-

  (Modern)

  Government (passing laws, etc.)

  Campaigns (Change 4 life, etc.)

  Quarantine

  Vaccination
• Hippocrates

  (Medieval 1250-1500)

  Hippocratic Oath

  Clinical Observation

  Four Humours
• Galen

  (Medieval 1250-1500)

  Theory of Opposites

  Four Humours
• Pare

  (Renaissance 1500-1750)

  Ligatures

  Tie blood vessels to stop bleeding
• Harvey

  (Renaissance 1500-1750)

  Corrected Galen

  Discovered circulatory system

  People thought air was carried around body before
• Sydenham

  (Renaissance 1500-1750)

  Pulse checking

  Observation- every disease is different and has a different cure
• Vesalius

  (Renaissance 1500-1750)

  Encouraged dissection

  Anatomy book On the Fabric of the Human Body
• Pasteur

  Industrial (1750-1900)

  Proved that germs caused liquids to decay (e.g milk turning sour)
• Koch

  Industrial (1750-1900)

  Developed Germ Theory

  Specific bacteria cause specific diseases

  Identified the bacteria that caused anthrax (1875), TB (1882) and cholera (1883)
• Nightingale

  Industrial (1750-1900)

  Founder of modern nursing

  Cleaned up hospitals

  Opened nursing schools
• Jenner

  Developed vaccinations- injected people with small doses of cowpox

  • 1853 vaccine made compulsory
• Lister (sister septic 🤪)

  Industrial (1750-1900)

  Carbolic acid to clean wounds

  Antiseptics

  Aeseptic surgery (clean gowns, sterilised equipment and theatre)
• Simpson (sniffed)

  Industrial (1750-1900)

  Huffed different chemicals till he got knocked out

  Used Chloroform

  Anasthetics

  Chloroform replaced ether
• Chadwick

  Reported on public health

  'Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population'

  Got Public Health Acts made
• Snow

  Industrial (1750-1900)

  Discovered origin of dirty water

  Plotted everywhere where people had died of cholera

  They all drank from the same pump

  Water was contaminated by sewage
• Fleming

  Modern (1900-)

  Discovered penicillin

  Mould grew on a plate he left bacteria on and it stopped the bacteria growing. That was penicillin
• Florey and Chain

  Gained funding from USA to mass produce penicillin for WW2 soldiers
• Watson and Crick

  Modern (1900-)

  Discovered DNA and genetic diseases
• Bevan

  Modern (1900-)

  Set up the NHS

  Paid for by taxes and public money