communicable disease 2.0

• Dengue Fever


  High fever, rash, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, and muscle and joint pain
• Dengue Fever


  The severity of the joint pain has given dengue the name "breakbone fever"
• Dengue Fever


  Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite are common
• Dengue Fever


  Rash usually appears 3 to 4 days after the start of the fever. The illness can last up to 10 days, but complete recovery can take as long as a month. Older children and adults are usually sicker than young children
• The presence of hemorrhagic manifestations is not exclusively for 'dengue hemorrhagic fever'
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever


  Fever, bladder problem, constant headaches, severe dizziness and loss of appetite
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever


  Hemorrhagic tendency (positive tourniquet test, spontaneous bruising, bleeding from mucosa, gingiva, injection sites, etc.; vomiting blood, or bloody diarrhea)
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever


  Thrombocytopenia (<100,000 platelets per mm³ or estimated as less than 3 platelets per high power field)
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever


  Evidence of plasma leakage (hematocrit more than 20% higher than expected, or drop in haematocrit of 20% or more from baseline following IV fluid, pleural effusion, ascites, hypoproteinemia)
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Grade I

  Lasts for 3-5 days, Anorexia, abdominal pain, bone and joint pain, pain behind the eyes, N/V, headache, petechiae, fever, Herman's sign
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Grade II


  Grade I + spontaneous bleeding melena, hematochezia, epistaxis, hematemesis
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Grade III


  Grade II + Circulatory Failure, hypotension, cold clammy perspiration, restlessness, rapid weak pulse
• Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Grade IV


  Grade III + hypovolemic shock -> Death
• Dengue Shock Syndrome


  Dengue hemorrhagic fever plus: Weak rapid pulse, Narrow pulse pressure (less than 20 mm Hg) or, Cold, clammy skin and restlessness
• Diagnostic Test for Dengue

  Tourniquet Test- Rumpel Leede Test, Hematocrit Count, Platelet Count
• Malaria


  Cold stage: last for 10-15 minutes presence of chills, Hot stage: last for 4-6 hours, N/V, fever, abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, Diaphoretic stage: generalized weakness, sweating, decrease PR,RR and temp
• Malaria Cachexia


  Malaria complication
• Diagnostic Tests for Malaria

  Malarial smear, QBC- quarantine Buffy coat
• Filariasis/Elephantiasis


  A rare disorder of the lymphatic system caused by parasitic worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori, all of which are transmitted by mosquitos. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels causes extreme enlargement of the affected area, most commonly a limb or parts of the head and torso
• Wuchereria bancrofti


  Organism causing Filariasis/Elephantiasis
• Brugia malayi


  Organism causing Filariasis/Elephantiasis
• B. timori


  Organism causing Filariasis/Elephantiasis
• Vector for Filariasis/Elephantiasis


  Culex spp. mosquitoes
• Transmission of Filariasis/Elephantiasis


  Bite of infected mosquito
• Incubation period for Filariasis/Elephantiasis

  1. 12 months
• Respiratory System Diseases


  • Diphtheria
  • Pertussis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Pneumonia
  • Colds
  • Influenza
• Diphtheria


  An acute contagious disease characterized by general systemic toxemia emanating from a localized inflammatory focus
• Pertussis (Whooping cough)


  A contagious disease characterized by a peculiar paroxysmal cough ending in a whoop
• Pertussis


  Means violent cough
• Pertussis Organism


  Bordatella pertussis (gram -)
• Pertussis Symptoms


  Within 1-2 weeks, the infected child develops severe episodes of coughing which can last more than a minute. Children may turn red or purple during these spasms. In younger children, coughing often ends with a characteristic high-pitched "whoop" noise from which pertussis gets its name, as the child tries to take a breath. Vomiting and exhaustion are common following an attack; however, the child does not appear ill between attacks. The "whoop" is rare in children under 6 months, and not all infants cough and whoop as older children do. These infants may be red-faced and appear to be gasping for air.
• Pertussis Catarrhal Phase


  Patient is highly contagious, lasts 1-2 weeks, low grade fever, runny noise, mild cough. Antibiotics effective during this time.
• Pertussis Paroxysmal Phase


  Lasts 2-10 weeks, whoop (burst of non-productive cough), antibiotics ineffective at this time.
• Pertussis Convalescent Phase


  After paroxysmal phase
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis


  An infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium. Tuberculosis usually affects the lungs (Pulmonary TB) but it can also occur in other parts of the body.
• Tuberculosis Organism


  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacilli)
• Tuberculosis Transmission


  Droplet and airborne
• Tuberculosis Incubation Period


  1. 4 weeks
• Tuberculosis Transmission


  When a patient with Pulmonary TB coughs, sneezes, spits or talks, very small droplets containing TB bacteria are released into air. These droplets, which float in the air, if inhaled by another person, may cause infection in his/her lungs. Every person who inhales the droplets will not develop TB disease unless his immunity status is poor. It is estimated that only 10% of infected people will develop the disease. Extra pulmonary TB is virtually never infectious. Transmission generally occurs indoors, where droplets foci can stay in the air for a long time. Ventilation removes droplets foci. Direct sunlight quickly kills TB bacteria, but they can survive in dark for several hours.
• Tuberculosis Symptoms


  Cough with yellow mucoid sputum, Afternoon low-grade fever, Anorexia, Weight loss, Night sweats, malaise, fatigue, Hemoptysis, Chest pain, back pain, Dyspnea