Inheritance

• Genetic diversity

  The number of different alleles of genes in a population.
• Natural selection results in species that are better adapted to their environment
• Phylogenetic system

  Allows for us to see evolutionary relationships
• Genetic diversity

  The number of different alleles of genes in a population.

  • Factor allowing natural selection to occur
• Directional selection

  Environment against an extreme of an allele.
• Stabilising selection

  Environment against both extremes.
• Same species if they are able to produce fertile offspring


  Same number of chromosomes

  • Can form homologous pairs
  • Meosis can occur.
• Courtship behaviour

  Necessary precursor to successful mating

  • Role in species recognition.
• Phylogenetic classification system

  Arrange species based on their evolutionary origins and relationships.

  • Hierarchy which smaller groups are placed within larger groups, with no overlap between groups
  • Each group is called a Taxon (plural taxa)
• Species richness

  Measure of the number of different species in a community.
• Index of diversity

  Describes relationship between the number of species in a community and the number of individuals in each species.
• Farming techniques reduce biodiversity.
• Genetic diversity can be made by comparing

  • Frequency of measurable or observable characteristics
  • Base sequence of DNA
  • Base sequence of mRNA
  • Amino acid sequence of the proteins encoded by DNA and mRNA.
• Quantitative investigations of variation within a species involve:

  • Collecting data from random samples
  • Calculating a mean value of the collected data and standard deviation of that mean
  • Interpreting mean values and their standard deviations
• Spearman’s Rank

  Used to find strength of correlation between two sets of continuous data
• T-test

  Find the difference between means
• Chi-squared test

  Used to compare separate categories, discontinuous data.
• Index of diversity

  Measures abundance of each species.
• Data collection

  1. Method of selecting sampling sites at random
  2. Use of quadrant
  3. Identify species up close.