PEH

• First aid

  includes cleaning minor cuts, scrapes or scratches; treating a minor burn
• Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

  a lifesaving technique that’s useful in many emergencies in which someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped.
• (30 chest compression: 2 rescue breathing) 5 cycles of CPR
• checking of breathing and pulse 10 seconds by counting 1001 - 1010.
• CPR check:

  -          The environment safe for the person

  -          The person conscious or unconscious

  -          Shake their shoulder and ask “are you ok”

  -          If the person doesn’t respond, have one person call 911 and get AED

  -          If alone, have immediate access to telephone 911

  -          As son an AED is available begin CPR
• C-A-B to help people remember the order to perform the steps of CPR

  C: compressions

  A: airway

  B: breathing
• Chest compression

  kneel nest to the person neck and shoulder. Place heel of one hand over the center of person’s chest. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulder above your hands. Push straight down the chest about 2 inches
• Chest compression

  push hard at rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute
• Open the airway


  open the persons airway using the head-tilt, chin-tilt maneuver
• Rescue breathing

  pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth with yours, making a seal.
• CPR on a child

  -          Place the child on their back on a firm surface

  -          Kneel next to the child’s neck and shoulders

  -          Place two hands
• CPR on baby 4 weeks old or older

  -          Place the baby their back on a firm flat surface

  -          Place two fingers of one hand just below this line, in the center of the chest

  Compress about 1. 5 inches
• Check an injured or ill person

  -check the scene for safety, form an initial impression, obtain consent and use personal protective equipment (PPE)

  -check for responsiveness

  -if doesn’t respond call 911

  -if responsive and fully awake interview the person

  -do a focused check based on what the person told you

  -after completing the check step call 911 then give care based on the condition found
• primary survey

  a quick way to find out how to treat any life threating conditions a casualty may have in order of priority. We can use DRABC
• DRABC

  D danger

  R response

  A airway

  B breathing

  C circulation
• secondary survey


  rapid but thorough head-to-toe examination assessment to identify all potentially significant injuries
• Red – patient needs immediate treatment
• Yellow – patient is stable and not in any immediate danger
• Green – require treatment at some point
• Black - patients who did not survive
• Ankle pull

  The fastest method for moving a victim a short distance over a smooth surface.

  1. Grasp the victim by both ankles or pant cuffs
  2. pull with your legs, not your back
  3. keep your back as straight as possible.
  4. Try to keep the pull as straight in line as possible
  5. keep aware that the head is unsupported and may bounce over bumps and surface imperfections

  
• Shoulder pull


  supports the head of the victim. The negative is that it requires the rescuer to bend over at the waist while pulling.

  1. Grasp the victim by the clothing under the shoulders
  2. keep your arms on both sides of the head
  3. support the head
  4. try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible.

  
• Blanket pull


  Method for dragging a victim.

  1. Place the victim on the blanket by using the "logroll" or the three-person lift
  2. victim is placed with the head approx. 2 ft. from one corner of the blanket
  3. wrap the blanket corners around the victim
  4. keep your back as straight as possible
  5. use your legs, not your back
  6. try to keep the pull as straight and in-line as possible

  
• One-person lift


  Only works with a child or a very light person

  1. Place your arms under the victim's knees and around their back

  
• Firefighter carry


  for carrying a victim longer distances. Requires a very strong rescuer or an assistant.

  1. The victim is carried over one shoulder
  2. the rescuer's arm, on the side that the victim is being carried, is wrapped across the victim's legs and grasps the victim's opposite arm

  
• Pack-strap carry


  when injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this method is better for longer distances than the one-person lift.

  1. Place both the victim's arms over your shoulders
  2. Cross the victim's arms, grasping the victim's opposite wrist
  3. Pull the arms close to your chest
  4. squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while bending slightly at the waist
  5. balance the load on your hips and support the victim with your legs

  
• Human crutch/Two-person drag


  allows the victim to swing their leg using the rescuer as a pair of crutches

  1. Start with the victim on the ground
  2. Both rescuers stand on either side of the victim's chest
  3. The rescuer's hand nearest the feet grabs the victim's wrist on their side of the victim
  4. the rescuer's other hand grasps the clothing of the shoulder nearest them
  5. pulling and lifting the victim's arms, the rescuers bring the victim into a sitting position
  6. the conscious victim will then stand with rescuer assistance

  
• Four-handed seat


  for carrying conscious and alert victims moderate distances

  1. position the hands as indicated in the graphic
  2. lower the seat and allow the victim to sit
  3. lower the seat using your legs, not your back
  4. when the victim is in place, stand using your legs, keeping your back straight

  
• Two-handed seat


  can support an unconscious victim

  1. Pick up the victim by having both rescuers squat down on either side of the victim
  2. reach under the victim's shoulders and under their knees
  3. grasp the other rescuer's wrist
  4. from the squat, with good lifting technique, stand
  5. walk in the direction the victim is facing

  
• Chair carry


  good method for carrying the victims up and down the stairs or through uneven areas

  REMEMBER: chairs with wheels can be used to roll the victim, but should not be used for a carry