Conflict and tension

• Conflict and Tension 1918-1939
• Exam Question types
• Compromise and cooperation
• How satisfied was everyone with the terms?
• League of Nations

  Why was the League created?
• How successful was the League in the 1920's?
• The Great Depression
• The Manchurian Crisis
• The Abyssinian Crisis
• Was the League destined to fail?
• The reoccupation of the Rhineland, 1936
• The Anschluss with Austria, 1938
• The Sudeten Crisis, 1938
• The Nazi Soviet Pact, 1939
• The invasion of Poland, 1939
• The Causes of World War II
• 12 mark question: How useful are sources B and C….?
• 8 mark question: Write an account of how X led to a crisis.
• 16 + 4 mark (SPaG) question: The main reason for X was… How far do you agree with this statement?
• 4 mark question: How do you know the source opposes?
• In January 1919, representatives from 32 countries met in the Palace of Versailles in Paris. The discussions were led by the Big Three, Britain, France and the USA. They had different aims of what should happen.
• Paris Peace Conference

  The Big Three
• Idealist

  League of Nations
• Most of the fighting had taken place in France; The Germans had destroyed mines, railways, factories, bridges and farmland. The French had suffered the most deaths and the country wanted revenge!
• Clemenceau

  Wanted to cripple Germany to make sure Germany could never attack France again. He wanted money to rebuild France, drastically reduce Germany's army and Germany's border to be pushed back to the Rhine.
• David Lloyd George

  Cautious; he wanted trade with Germany and keep the British Empire by taking German colonies and reducing her navy. He was worried that treating Germany too harshly could lead to the Germans wanting revenge.
• Woodrow Wilson

  An idealist; he wanted a world free from war (by setting up a League of Nations), the right for self-determination (countries to rule themselves) and freedom of the seas (called the 14 points)
• When Germany and its allies first surrendered, they signed an armistice on 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.
• As well as ending hostilities immediately, the Germans agreed to:

  • Pay reparations
  • Give France the Alsace-Lorraine region
  • Remove German troops from the Rhineland
• Clemenceau saw this as reason to put in these terms in the final treaty!
• Terms

  • Territory
  • Army
  • Reparations
  • War Guilt Clause (231)
  • League of Nations
• Germany was no longer a strong country to be feared, but a weak one at the mercy of the allies.
• Germany had a strong military tradition, so losing their military was very humiliating and caused Germans to lose a lot of pride.
• Germany was already nearly bankrupt from the war. The Weimar Government believed they had almost no chance of being able to meet the payments.
• Germans rightly believed they were not the only ones to blame for the war – they felt the TOV had been forced on them by evil allies and weak politicians
• This proved to Germans they could never be trusted on the World's Stage and were isolated from Europe
• TRAWL

  Territory, Reparations, Army, War Guilt Clause, League of Nations
• The British had been convinced the Germans were barbarians. They had little sympathy for the Germans once they lost as nearly every person had lost a male family member.
• Lloyd George liked the fact that Britain gained colonies and the German navy was restricted. But Lloyd George also felt the terms were too harsh
• The Germans would resent the Treaty so much they might start a future war