SCIENCE BIOLOGY

• Cell Division - A process in which a parent cell divides, giving rise to two or more daughter cells.
• Two Types Under the Cell Cycle:

  • Plant Cell

  • Animal Cell
• Gametes/Sex Cells - Only used for reproduction.
• Somatic Cell/Body Cell - A type of cell that can be find throughout the body.
• Under the Cell Division:

  New Cells are produced for growth and to replace damaged or old cells.
• Eukaryotes - It contains the nucleus
• Prokaryotes - does not have a nucleus.
• Under the Bacteria and Arkea

  Unicellular - It is a single celled organisms of all animals.

  Multicellular - it has more than one celled organisms.
• Keeping Cells Identical - The instructions for making cell parts are encoded in the DNA, so each new cell must get a complete set of the DNA molecules.
• What is the expanded word of DNA?

  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - The hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.
• DNA Replication

  • DNA must be copied or replicated before cell division
  • Each new cell will then have an identical copy of the DNA
• Gametes/Sex Cells - divides into Meiosis into the heart and body.
• Somatic Cells/Body Cells - it is where the nerves is being divided under Mitosis
• THE DNA

  • Structure is called double helix
  • DNA makes up the chromosomes
• Eukaryotic Chromosomes

  • All Eukaryotic cells store genetic information in chromosomes
• Eukaryotic Chromosomes

  • Most Eukaryotes have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells
• Eukaryotic Chromosomes

  • Human Body Cells have 46 Chromosomes or 23 identical pairs
• Chromosomes - A threadlike structure of nucleic acid and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells
• What are the two parts of the DNA that are made up of proteins?

  • Backbone

  • Basebone
• Under the Parts of DNA

  Basebone - contains genes and informations
• Under the Parts of DNA

  Backbone - structure made up of sugar in size the body
• Is it true that Humans Prokaryotic Chromosomes have a nucleus?

  • No
• What are the four basis that makes up the ladder that are also pairs?

  First Pairs

  1. Adenin
  2. Thymine

  Second Pairs

  3. Guanine

  4. Cytosine
• Under Eukaryotic Cells

  Each chromosomes is composed of a single, tightly coiled molecule
• Under Eukaryotic Cells

  Chromosomes can't be seen when cells aren't dividing and are called chromatin.
• What does the picture represent?

  A.Cell

  B.Chromosomes

  C.Uncoiled Chromosomes

  D. DNA

  
• How many Chromosomes are there in Rat, Carrot, Maize, Honey bee, Onion and House Fly?

  Rat:

  Somatic: 42

  Gametic: 21

  Carrot:

  Somatic: 20

  Gametic: 10

  Maize:

  Somatic: 20

  Gametic: 10

  Honey Bee:

  Somatic: 32

  Gametic: 16

  Onion:

  Somatic: 16

  Gametic: 8

  House Fly:

  Somatic: 12

  Gametic: 6

  
• How many Chromosomes are there in Cat, Fruit Fly and Bread Mold?

  Cat:

  Somatic: 38

  Gametic: 19

  Fruit Fly:

  Somatic: 8

  Gametic: 4

  Bread Mold:

  Somatic: 14

  Gametic: 7

  
• Chromatin - All DNA/proteins in nucleus...condenses to form chromosomes during Mitosis.
• Chromatid: Is when the two chromosomes or cell divides into two/half forms of sister chromatids.
• Chromosomes - Condensed chromatin...Either 2 sister chromatids or 1 sister chromatids
• What are the two types of Cell Reproduction?

  • Asexual Reproduction

  • Sexual Reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction - Involves a single cell dividing to make 2 new, identical daughter cells.

  Mitosis and Binary Fission are examples of Asexual Reproduction.
• Sexual Reproduction - Involves two cells (Egg and Sperm) joining to make a new cell (zygote) that is not identical to the original cells.

  Meiosis is an example of Sexual Reproduction.
• Fertilization: "Putting it all together".