LESSON 12 DNS AND WWW

• Domain Name System (or Service or Server) - an Internet

  service that translates domain names into IP addresses.
• DNS are the Internet's equivalent of a phone book.
• A domain name represents an Internet Protocol (IP) resource,
• Google Public DNS - operates recursive name servers for public use
• Root Servers - authoritative name servers that serve the DNS root zone.
• Root servers - contain the information that makes up the root zone.
• The Root Server System consists of over 1000 individual machines.
• IANA - is a standards organization (1998) that oversees the global IP addresses allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in DNS, media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and numbers.
• ICANN - is non-profit private organization (1998 in California, USA) responsible for the technical coordination of the Internet's domain name system (DNS) ensuring the network's stable and secure operation.
• TLD - Top Level Domain
• Seven generic top-level domains (gTLD)- the domains gov, edu, com, mil, org, net, and int.
• WWW - World Wide Web
• WWW - an architectural framework for accessing linked documents spread out over millions of machines all over the Internet.
• CERN - Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire
• CERN - is a European research organization (1954) that operates the largest

  particle physics laboratory in the world.
• Tim Berners-Lee - a British Scientist who invented WWW in 1989 while working at CERN
• Hypertext - idea of having one page point to another
• Hypertext Markup Language - the markup (formatting) language for the

  web.
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language.
• Uniform Resource Identifier - kind of “address” that is unique and used to

  identify to each resource on the web.
• URI - Uniform Resource Identifier.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol - allows for the retrieval of linked resources

  from across the web.
• HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
• 1990 - The year when the first web page was served on the open internet.
• MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - an international

  community devoted to developing open web standards.
• W3C - World Wide Web Consortium
• 1994 - the year when Tim found the W3C
• 2009 - Tim co-founded the World Wide Web Foundation with

  Rosemary Leith.
• The three fundamental technologies (1990) - HTML URL HTTP
• http:// - protocol
• www.nationalgeographic.com - domain name
• travel/index.html - path
• 1989 - the WWW began at European Council for Nuclear Research
• 1990 - first web page
• 1991 -people outside cern was invited
• 1994 - Tim move to MIT to found W3C
• IANA

  Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
• ICANN

  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers