Malnutrition

• Lymphatic tissues (Bone marrow, Thymus): Reduce in size
• Cellular immunity

  • Lower circulating T cells (b/c low protein & energy)
  • Decrease proliferation of T cells
  • Lower production of Helper T cell 1
  • Higher production of Helper T cell 2 (b/c parasitic infection)
• Humoral immunity

  • Circulating B cells unchanged
  • Antibody response impaired