Separation Techniques

• Solution


  A solution forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent. The concentration of a solution is a measure of how 'crowded' the solute particles are. The more concentrated the solution, the more particles it contains in a given volume.
• Solute


  The solid or gas that dissolves in a liquid (sugar)
• Solvent


  The liquid in which a solid or gas dissolves (water)
• What happens when a solute dissolves?

  1. Solid sugar

  2. Liquid water

  3. Surrounded

  4. Move randomly

  5. Dissolve
• Conservation of mass


  Can help us to identify whether something is a solution
• Insoluble


  Does not dissolve
• Gas as solutes


  Gases have spaces between particles, the solvent is able to then surround individual particles and dissolve it
• Fizzy drinks


  • Contain carbon dioxide which makes them fizzy. The carbon dioxide is surrounded by the solution. When you open the bottle, the carbon dioxide escapes.
• Mixture


  A mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. Their properties do not change.
• Compound


  A compound consists of chemically bonded substances. Their chemical properties change.
• Pure substance


  Consists of only one element or compound
• Solution


  A homogeneous mixture where a solute dissolves in a solvent
• Solute


  The dissolved substance in a solution
• Solvent


  The dissolving liquid in a solution
• Salt in water

  • Solution
• Sand in water


  • Mixture
• Solubility


  The amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature
• Filtration


  Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid
• Filtering water


  • To make it drinkable
• Oil filters in cars

  • Filtration
• Evaporation


  Separating a liquid from a solution by heating to evaporate the liquid
• Crystallisation


  Forming solid crystals from a concentrated solution by cooling or evaporation
• Distillation


  Separating liquids based on their different boiling points
• Fractional distillation


  Separating a mixture of liquids with different boiling points
• Paper chromatography

  Separating mixtures based on how quickly the components move up a paper strip
• Medical uses


  • Blood testing, drug testing
• Food testing


  • Nutritional values
• Forensic science

  • DNA/blood analysis
• Define Mixture

  It consists of 2 or more different substances. They are not chemically bonded which means their chemical properties don't change.
• Define a Compound

  It consists of 2 or more types of atoms which are chemically bonded together which means their chemical properties change.
• Define Pure Substance

  It consists of only one element or compound
• Define Solute

  It is a solid or gas that dissolves in a liquid
• Define Solvent

  The liquid in which a solid or gas dissolves in
• Define Solution

  It is when a solute dissolves in a solvent
• Salt in Water is an example of a

  Solution
• Sand in Water is an example of a

  Mixture
• Define Solubility

  It is how soluble a substance is.
• Define Filtration


  It is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
• Uses of Filtration are:

  Water

  Gold Panning

  Oil Filters
• Define Evaporation


  It is when a liquid is heated and changes state into a gas. It separates a soluble solid from a liquid. All solvent is evaporated off