FIS again

• CPU (Central Processing Unit)

  The "brain" of the computer, interprets instructions and processes data in computer programs, performs arithmetic, logic, and control functions
• Fan

  • Responsible for cooling the CPU and other components in the system unit to prevent overheating, which can damage the hardware
• Memory Modules

  Such as RAM (Random Access Memory), store data and program instructions that are currently being used or processed by the CPU, allows for quick access to data, improving the computer's performance
• Motherboard

  The main circuit board of the computer, provides the electrical connections between the other components and allows them to communicate with each other
• Hard Drive

  A storage device that stores data permanently, even when the computer is turned off, provides long-term storage for the operating system, programs, and files
• Process Management

  The operating system manages processes, allocates resources to processes, ensures that they run smoothly
• Memory Management

  The operating system manages the computer's memory, allocating memory to processes, freeing up memory that is no longer needed, ensuring that different processes do not interfere with each other's memory
• File Management


  The operating system manages files on the computer, creating, deleting, and organizing files, controls access to files, ensuring that only authorized users or programs can access them
• Circuit-switched connections


  A dedicated communication path is established between two devices for the duration of the communication session, the path remains open even if no data is being transmitted, can be inefficient for sporadic communication
• Packet-switched connections


  Data is divided into packets, which are then sent over a shared network, each packet is routed independently to its destination, allows for more efficient use of network resources, can introduce latency and jitter, which can affect real-time communication
• Four features of e-commerce applications that make them unique

  • Online Transactions
  • Global Reach
  • Personalization
  • Integration with Social Media
• Online Transactions


  1. commerce applications enable users to conduct financial transactions online, such as purchasing goods or services, making payments, and receiving invoices electronically
• Online Transactions


  • Amazon allows users to browse products, add them to their cart, and securely checkout using various payment methods
• Global Reach

  1. commerce applications have the ability to reach a global audience, allowing businesses to expand their customer base beyond geographical boundaries
• Global Reach


  • eBay connects buyers and sellers from around the world, facilitating international trade
• Personalization


  1. commerce applications can personalize the shopping experience based on user preferences, browsing history, and past purchases
• Personalization


  • Netflix recommends movies and TV shows based on a user's viewing history
• Integration with Social Media

  1. commerce applications often integrate with social media platforms, allowing users to share products, reviews, and recommendations with their social network
• Integration with Social Media


  • Facebook allows users to shop directly on the platform and share their purchases with friends
• Two business models that can be adopted by e-commerce applications

  • Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
  • Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
• Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

  Businesses sell products or services directly to consumers
• Business-to-Consumer (B2C)


  • Amazon is a B2C e-commerce platform where consumers can purchase products from various sellers
• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)


  Consumers sell products or services to other consumers
• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)


  • eBay is a C2C e-commerce platform where individuals can buy and sell items with each other
• Two revenue models that can be adopted by e-commerce applications

  • Subscription Model
  • Advertising Model
• Subscription Model


  Users pay a recurring fee to access a service or receive products on a regular basis
• Subscription Model

  • Amazon Prime offers a subscription service that provides users with benefits such as free shipping and streaming of movies and TV shows
• Advertising Model


  1. commerce applications generate revenue by displaying advertisements to users
• Advertising Model


  • Google AdSense allows website owners to earn money by displaying targeted ads on their sites
• Security vulnerabilities faced by e-commerce applications

  • Payment Fraud
  • Data Breaches
• Payment Fraud


  1. commerce applications are susceptible to payment fraud, where attackers use stolen credit card information to make unauthorized purchases
• Data Breaches


  1. commerce applications store sensitive customer information, such as personal and financial data, which can be targeted by hackers
• Implementing secure payment gateways and encryption can help mitigate the risk of payment fraud
• Implementing robust security measures, such as data encryption and regular security audits, can help prevent data breaches
• Organizational Component


  Includes the people, structure, culture, and processes within an organization that are involved in the use, management, and governance of information systems
• Technological Component


  Consists of the hardware, software, networks, and data that are used to support the information system
• Management Component


  Involves the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of the information system and its resources
• Knowledge Management Value Chain

  1. Knowledge Acquisition

  2. Knowledge Documentation

  3. Knowledge Dissemination

  4. Knowledge Utilization
• Knowledge Acquisition


  Identifying and collecting knowledge from internal and external sources
• Knowledge Documentation


  Documenting and organizing knowledge in a way that makes it accessible and usable