Cell Biology U1

• What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryote?

  • Eukaryotes - complex cells like animal and plant cells

  • Prokaryotes - smaller / simpler cells like bacteria
• What is the equation for magnification ?


  Magnification = image size / real size
• How do you prepare a slide for a cell sample ?


  • Add a drop of water on a clean slide

  • Use tweezers to peel the epidermal tissue

  • Add a drop of iodine solution to stain the tissue

  • Place a cover slip on top
• What is the process for mitosis ?


  • Subcellular structures are duplicated as well as the DNA

  • Chromosomes are lined up and split, then pulled to each side of the cell

  • The cell then divides and two identical daughter cells are made
• What is the process of Binary Fission ?


  • Circular ring of DNA and plasmids replicate

  • Cell becomes bigger, each ring pulls to opposite sides

  • Cell divides into daughter cells but they can have a varying amount of plasmids
• What are Stem Cells ?


  • Undifferentiated cells with the potential to develop into various types of specialized cells. (Embryos)
• Why is Stem Cell research controversial ?


  • Potential human life

  • Ethical concerns
• What is Diffusion ?


  • The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• What is Osmosis ?


  • The movement of water molecules from a high to low water concentration, through a semi-permeable membrane
• What is Active Transport ?


  • The movement of particles against the concentration gradient using energy